Feminism And The Advocacy For Equal Rights - 1563 Words

Feminism, or the advocacy for equal rights for both women and men, is an important issue with a high relevancy to society today. Kate Chopin was the one of the first feminist American authors, and even if she did not have a direct role in the movement itself, she believed in the core principles of it and wrote feministically in her stories. Kate Chopin’s expressive and realistic style was heavily influenced by her exposure to feminine feelings and experiences throughout her lifetime. Chopin led an average life. From an early age, Chopin was surrounded by many strong, independent women. She grew up around them, and subsequently, her writing was highly influenced by this. As Chopin aged, she did so gracefully, and grew into a social women with adoration for literature and art; however, she was not any ordinary woman. Chopin drank and smoked heavily, much like a man at the time would. Despite this behavior, Chopin eventually married at 20 and had 6 children. However, she was wido wed at thirty two, and she started to write in order to provide for her family (Clark). Intially, her work was looked down upon and considered immoral and innappropriate. It took over 50 years after her death until critics started to praise and value her work, and she was given the honor of being considered as an important feminist author (â€Å"Kate Chopin†). Chopin implicated many themes relating to the realities and veracity of being a woman into her stories, which gave a realistic insight onto both herShow MoreRelatedFeminism And The Reality Behind Feminism Essay913 Words   |  4 Pagesthat men and women are equal in the aspect of social, political, and economic rights. Ironically the respondents agree with what feminism stands for. The confusion is the result of several negative connotations associated with the term. Such associations led to believe that feminists are â€Å"man-hating,† resulting in the comparison of the derogatory term â€Å"feminazi† fi rst used by Rush Limbaugh. The discrepancy between the stereotypical view of feminism and the reality behind feminism is due to the differentRead MoreThe Discovery Of A Radical Movement995 Words   |  4 Pagesalters their way of living. In my case, the discovery of a radical movement called feminism has left a huge influence in my life. Feminism, or the women’s movement, is the advocacy of women’s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men. Before feminism, my life was full of body negativity and ignorance of the patriarchal society, but after a major breakthrough I became an equal rights advocate and an open minded person which progressed my human capital. Before encounteringRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pagessuffrage and rights was strong, but further enhanced by leaders like Alice Paul and Jane Addams. The idea of equal rights for all was further scrutinized and contested after civil rights were granted to former slaves. Women began to push for similar equality as illustrated through the feminist movement. The feminist movement became very large and sprouted subsections, one being a subsection of feminism known as social feminism. This branch of feminism was more interested in social rights and usedRead MoreThe Advancement For Equality Of Women974 Words   |  4 Pagesthat meaning of feminism is not that women are above men, it is instead the advancement for equality of women. Thesis Statement: The actual meaning of feminism is not that women are above men, it is instead the advancement for equality of women. Organizational Pattern: Categorical I. Intro A. Attention Getter: With a show of hands how many of you all think feminists believe that men are evil and that females are the superior gender? B. Thesis Statement: The actual meaning of feminism is not that womenRead MoreFeminism And Equality Between Men And Women956 Words   |  4 PagesFeminism and Equality Between Men and Women Feminism, the advocacy of women’s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men (Webster’s Thesaurus Dictionary). Feminist seek to find impartiality between the genders, in not only the work force, but many different aspects of their lives. Feminist are spectated to be individuals who believe in female domination, and that is not precise. Feminist believe that women and men should be treated equal to each other, neither sexRead MorePresident Johnson s Social Reform1640 Words   |  7 Pagestreated as second class citizens. Countless studies have been conducted by independent universities and groups supporting this ideology. Statistics from these institutions have often brought women to the Civil Rights forefront, during a time period when women s suffrage was in its second wave. Advocacy for this cause has come in the form of much more than field studies and collected research. Lyndon Johnson’s social reform was greatly successful in providing equality for women through new legislation andRead MoreFeminism : Women s Role1541 Words   |  7 Pages Feminism has had a tremendous result on women’s roles in society and in their everyday life. After a while, women got sick of living a strict lifestyle. They became tired of staying caged in their houses, cooking, and cleaning, and not being able to do what they truly wanted and so desired. So, they decided that they wanted this no more and needed to do something to put a stop to this and make change. What they really wanted was equality between men and women and wanted the same opportunities thatRead MoreInequalities Has Been Around For Many Years; From Slaves,1018 Words   |  5 Pages In the book, Women’s Voices Feminist Visions: Classic and Contemporary Readings by Susan M. Shaw and Janet Lee, state that women’s and gender studies â€Å"is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to topics concerning women, gender and feminism.†(Shaw and Lee pg.1) They are stating that this field deals with the history, oppression, and movements and how they intersect. Also, â€Å"it focuses on gender arrangements ( the ways society creates, patterns, and rewards our understanding of femininityRead MoreFinally, Black Feminism Highlights The Unique Experiences1232 Words   |  5 PagesFinally, Black feminism highlights the unique experiences of Black women, but it lies in its commitment to justice, not just for Black women but for that of other similarly oppressed groups. An essential idea within Black feminism is intersectionality in that they argue that race, class, gender, sexuality, etc. are bound together (Garcia, 2016). In other words, white women a nd black women do not share identical experiences, despite all being female. Likewise, a middle-class black woman has a differentRead MoreEssay about Womenss Struggle for Equal Rights618 Words   |  3 PagesFeminism objectifies the ideals of equality between a man and woman in a common culture or society. For a very long time, women have struggled to find common ground within the dynamics of male dominant cultures. Feminism is the advocacy of women rights in the political, social, and economic equality to men. One would think that as the political, social, and economic structures change, more women would gain more rights just as fair as those to men. Well that’s not exactly the case. For many years

The Wade-Davis Bill and Reconstruction

At the end of the American Civil War, Abraham Lincoln wanted to bring the Confederate states back into the Union as amicably as possible. In fact, he did not even officially recognize them as having seceded from the Union. According to his Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, any Confederate would be pardoned if they swore allegiance to the Constitution and the union except for high-ranking civil and military leaders or those who committed war crimes. In addition, after 10 percent of voters in a Confederate state took the oath and agreed to abolish slavery, the state could elect new congressional representatives and they would be recognized as legitimate. Wade-Davis Bill Opposes Lincolns Plan The Wade-Davis Bill was the Radical Republicans answer to Lincolns Reconstruction plan. It was written by Senator Benjamin Wade and Representative Henry Winter Davis. They felt that Lincolns plan was not strict enough against those who seceded from the Union. In fact, the intention of the Wade-Davis Bill was more to punish than to bring the states back into the fold.   The key provisions of the Wade-Davis Bill were the following:   Lincoln would be required to appoint a provisional governor for each state. This governor would be responsible for implementing measures set out by Congress to reconstruct and state government.  Fifty-percent of the states voters would be required to swear loyalty to the Constitution and the Union before they could even begin creating a new Constitution through the state Constitutional Convention. Only then would they be able to begin the process to be officially be readmitted to the Union.  While Lincoln believed that only the military and civilian officials of the Confederacy should not be pardoned, the Wade-Davis Bill stated that not only those officials but also anyone who has voluntarily borne arms against the United States should be denied the right to vote in any election.  Slavery would be abolished and methods would be created to protect the liberty of freedmen.   Lincolns Pocket Veto The Wade-Davis Bill easily passed both houses of Congress in 1864. It was sent to Lincoln for his signature on July 4, 1864. He chose to use a pocket veto with the bill. In effect, the Constitution gives the president 10 days to review a measure passed by Congress. If they have not signed the bill after this time, it becomes law without his signature. However, if Congress adjourns during the 10-day period, the bill does not become law. Because of the fact that Congress had adjourned, Lincolns pocket veto effectively killed the bill. This infuriated Congress. For his part, President Lincoln stated that he would allow the Southern states to pick which plan they wanted to use as they rejoined the Union. Obviously, his plan was much more forgiving and widely supported.  Both Senator Davis and Representative Wade issued a statement in the New York Tribune in August 1864 that accused Lincoln of attempting to secure his future by ensuring that southern voters and electors would support him. In addition, they stated that his use of the pocket veto was akin to take away the power that should rightfully belong to Congress. This letter is now known as the Wade-Davis Manifesto.   Radical Republicans Win in the End Sadly, despite Lincolns victory, he would not live long enough to see Reconstruction proceed in the Southern states. Andrew Johnson would take over after Lincolns assassination. He felt that the South needed to be punished more than Lincolns plan would allow. He appointed provisional governors and offered amnesty to those who took an oath of allegiance. He stated that states had to abolish slavery and acknowledge seceding was wrong. However, many Southern States ignored his requests. The Radical Republicans were finally able to get traction and passed a number of amendments and laws to protect the newly freed slaves and force the Southern states to comply with necessary changes.

The Human Heart Free Essays

The human heart is slightly bigger than the size of ones fist. It is situated at a very safe place which is between the cage bones, i.e. We will write a custom essay sample on The Human Heart or any similar topic only for you Order Now , in the center of the chest. Usually it is slightly on the left side of the chest but in rare cases, it can be found on the right side. Heart is responsible for the blood flow to every single part of the body by constant contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscles. This is the reason why we hear rhythmic beats all the time. Heart pumps the pure blood to the different parts of the body and then takes the deoxygenated blood from all the parts to the lungs for oxygenation. Normally in a minute the heart beats 72 times. Well, let’s check out heart diagram for kids as well as for adults which can help you to understand the functioning of heart better. Parts of the Heart As you can see in the heart diagram, there are many parts in the heart. So, as we discuss the various parts, you keep checking out the parts simultaneously one by one in the given labeled diagram of the human heart. This will help you to understand the part and their functions more easily. Pericardium Human heart is covered by a double layered structure which is called as pericardium. The outer layer is associated with the major blood vessels whereas the inner layer is attached to the cardiac muscles. These layers are separated by a pericardial fluid. This covering is like a membrane which holds all the parts of the heart. Chambers Heart is divided into four chambers which are called as left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium and right ventricle. Atrium are the upper chambers of the heart whereas ventricles are the lower chambers of the heart. All these chambers are separated by a tissue layer, called as septum. Left side of the chamber is associated with the circulation of the oxygenated blood and the right side receives the deoxygenated blood from various parts of the body. Valves There are four valves in the heart namely bicuspid valve, tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve and aortic valve. They help in preventing the back flow of the blood from one chamber to other. This maintains a proper one directional blood flow through out the process. Bicuspid valve is present between the left atrium and left ventricle whereas tricuspid valve is present between the right atrium and right ventricle. Pulmonary valve behaves as a gate which stops the back flow of blood from right ventricle to the pulmonary artery which takes the deoxygenated blood to the lungs for purification. Lastly the aortic valve, this valve plays an important role in stopping the back flow of the blood from left ventricle to the aorta. Once the blood is transferred to the aorta it supplies the oxygenated blood to different parts of the body. Blood Vessels Blood vessels are the blood carriers in a human body. These play a very vital role in the supply of blood to various parts of the body. Blood vessels can be of two types, veins and arteries. All the veins (except pulmonary vein) are involved in carrying the deoxygenated blood from various parts of the body to the heart whereas all the arteries (except pulmonary artery) are involved in supplying oxygenated blood from the heart to different parts of the body. Functioning of the Heart After getting familiar with the part let’s check out the functions of the heart. Well, as we all know we need oxygen to survive, but have you ever thought how this oxygen is supplied to different parts of the body? This work is done with the help of heart. Heart plays a very important role in the supply of oxygenated blood in different parts of the body. Deoxygenated blood is collected from various parts of the body and is transferred to heart. The blood enters the heart through the pulmonary valve and enters the right atrium, then it goes to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. From here the blood then goes to the lungs for oxygenation. Oxygenated blood is then brought back to the heart with the help of pulmonary veins and enters the left atrium. The blood then goes to the left ventricle through the bicuspid valve and then transferred to the aorta through the aortic valve for further blood circulation to different parts of the body. How to cite The Human Heart, Essay examples

Business Fine Dining Operations Australia †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Business Fine Dining Operations Australia? Answer: Introducation As found in the process outline, the procedure starts when a client touches base at the restaurant. The restaurant delegate (i.e., assistant or the server) at that point respects the visitors, enters the name of the visitors on the holding up list, and doles out a table for the visitors. A while later, the restaurant faculty or the server escort the clients to the table and hence take the request. In the wake of taking the clients' requests, the server at that point presents the requests on the kitchen staff, who are then in charge of cooking and setting up the sustenance. After setting up the sustenance, the kitchen staff flags the server who in this manner serves the nourishment to the visitor. In the wake of eating the sustenance, the visitor at that point requests the check settle the bill, lastly takes off. Explanation of the significance of the process encounter An in depth consideration of the process encounter reveals that the service operations in a fine dining restaurant are far much complicated than it seems. There needs to be a collaboration of the front office and the back office for there to be efficiency. For example, in the front stage operation, the order ticketing needs to be right in order to allow for the cooks in the back stage operations to do their work well. Also, there needs to be quality checks in the back stage in order for the front office to coordinate swiftly, Any delays in the service processing will lead to disgruntled customers and low reviews of the restaurant. Analysis of the Managerial Implications As examined in Zurich (2017) value stream mapping is a capable and basic device in delineating and recognizing the genuine estimation of exercises in the administration procedure. The objective of significant worth stream mapping is to decide each value adding activity required to make the coveted value. On account of the restaurant benefit process stream, the yellow squares indicate critical activities or exercises all the while, which are instrumental in making the coveted value. Utilizing value stream mapping in process examination, the association takes the angle of the different players (i.e., clients and front stage, back stage, and bolster on-screen characters) all the while. Taking the viewpoint of the clients in the restaurant for instance, the procedure includes sit without moving or holding up times, which might be considered as non-value including exercises in the process stream. Thusly, Smith and Ng (2014) noticed that holding up times could be exceptionally irritating with respect to the clients. In eateries for example, long holding up time could be irritating to clients, particularly when they are eager or are encountering time requirements. In any case, the objective of significant worth stream mapping is to limit non-value including exercises and in the process enhance process stream and subsequently benefit levels. Given the negative effects of non-value adding exercises to clients' view of the administration, chiefs ought to in this way find a way to dispose of or in any event limit non-value including exercises simultaneously. Value stream mapping way to deal with process investigation likewise includes allocating assessed process time on every movement to decide process durations, holding up time, and setup time among others. On accounting of the restaurant procedure graph, harsh assessments of the time devoured in every action have been incorporated into request to quantify the time taken to give the administration and in the meantime recognize time wastages inside the procedure. It ought to be noticed that in many occasions clients relate long process time to wastefulness. Investigating the procedure time, it takes the clients around 12 minutes at the base, before getting a table seat. For visitors who are encountering time requirements, twelve minutes of holding up time might be too long, henceforth trigger client disappointment and in the long run disappointment. In perspective of the negative ramifications of long process time to consumer loyalty, directors ought to apply endeavors to enhance process time. As talked about in Slack (2015), the major technique for making a procedure format is to join asset units in light of preparing sort and along these lines moving them moderately to each other in view of the stream existing between them. Besides, Slack (2015) additionally guaranteed that one key presumption or destinations in the outline of process formats is unending limit and most extreme productivity. In connection to design examples, Jacobs and Chase (2013) distinguished four noteworthy format designs, which might be recognized as takes after: the item format, the procedure design, the settled position design, and the gathering format. For benefit situated operations, the most suitable format design is the settled position design. In the settled position format, assets, including labor and types of gear required to make an item or give an administration are situated in a typical area. Thus, this applies to restaurant operations whereby receptionists are situated in the gat hering territory, the servers in the feasting zone, and kitchen staff in the nourishment readiness zone. Conclusion A comprehension of interior process could help in creating or outlining more compelling and productive process streams. Process graphs and value stream mapping are compelling methodologies in comprehension and breaking down the viability of the procedure. As found on account of the restaurant benefit process, certain exercises might be considered as non-value including. Subsequently, these non-value including exercises are the essential wellsprings of client disappointment and in the long run disappointment. In perspective of the negative impacts of non-value adding exercises to consumer loyalty, supervisors should find a way to wipe out if not limit these non-value including exercises. Thus, directors ought to apply push to recognize the most appropriate process design, as the format decidReferences es general effectiveness and efficiency. References Jacobs, R. and Chase, R., 2013.Operations and supply chain management. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Slack, N., 2015.Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Smith, L., Maull, R. and CL Ng, I., 2014. Servitization and operations management: a service dominant-logic approach.International Journal of Operations Production Management,34(2), pp.242-269. Zurich, L.B., 2017. Service Operations and Management.

11 Signs Your Boss Likes You Even If It Doesnt Seem Like It

11 Signs Your Boss Likes You Even If It Doesnt Seem Like It Having a solid relationship with your boss is incredibly important. It’s important to have a good rapport and to earn each other’s trust and respect. But some bosses are less effusive than others. What to do if your boss leaves you feeling in the dark as to her opinion of you? Here are 11 signs your boss is likes  you, even if, perhaps, she doesn’t show it much.1. You Only Get Tough LoveIf your boss gives you a lot of feedback, and most of it is negative, this is actually a good sign. He respects you enough to give you the notes you need to improve, and is invested in your improvement. Plus, he thinks you can handle the constructive criticism. So take it on the chin and keep doing better and better.2. You’re Constantly Given ChallengesDoes your boss give you more than you feel like you can handle? Perhaps she wants to test you, or groom you, and puts you on tough assignments. This may be a bit overwhelming, but it’s usually a very good sign.3. You Always  Sniff Out PrioritiesIf you are tuned into what your boss’s top priorities are, then not only can you work more effectively, but you’ll know whether you are working with the same endgame in mind. Keep this channel of communication open and be sure to volunteer for the projects that align with these priorities. Quickest way to your boss’s heart!4. You Feel RespectedIt doesn’t actually matter if your boss likes you. All that matters is respect. You don’t have to go for maniIf another employee is struggling, or someone has a problem or needs guidance with a difficult task, and your boss sends them down to you? Or you get singled out as an example of good work for the rest of your team to aspire to? That’s a great sign you’re in the inner circle in your boss’s eye.10.  You’re Trusted with the MoneymakersWhen the stakes are high, you’re the one who gets sent into the game. An important project or client com es around, and your boss turns to you. This sign of trust is a big one, and you should feel great about it.11.  You’re Not IgnoredAgain, maybe you aren’t happy hour besties, but your boss does go out of her way to check in with you from time to time- to assess how satisfied you are in your job, and to make sure she’s not in any danger of losing you. That’s a great sign of just how highly you are valued.

Risk Control Systems and Performance

Risk Control Systems and Performance Critical control systems Critical risk control systems are essential in various infrastructures notably those in the energy sector.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Risk Control Systems and Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to the increased integration in enterprise systems in modern settings, there is an increased need for the establishment of inherently secure risk control systems which are designed and implemented in such a way that they minimize vulnerabilities to constant threats being posed by both internal and external forces (Young et al 2005). Occurrence of these risks would heavily impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization consequently impacting on the profitability as well as the outlook of the organization (Fraser 2010). Energy companies are often confronted by severe technical security risks due to the delicate nature of their operations. It is therefore the duty o f the organization’s owners and operators to establish the link between the prevailing risks in production and distribution process for energy products and vulnerabilities inherent in the risk control systems (Young et al 2005). Subsequently, the firm’s management should institute and integrate risk control systems, which should be continually improved in order to defend creation and distribution operations from any harm (unintentional and intentional). It is important for companies to implement efficient risk control systems since failure of the same may result in endangerment to human life and the environment, loss of profitability for the affected company, and harm to the nation’s energy production infrastructure (Young et al 2005). Risk refers to the possibility of occurrence of an event that could adversely affect the company’s personnel, assets, environment, reputation or even overflow to the external surroundings (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). Risk is the refore a necessary part of the organization which should be approached with a lot of caution.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since risk taking is an inherent part of any business enterprise seeking to prosper in the market, it is important for the organization to embrace an amount of risk adequate for effective performance of the business. However, these risks require proper management and control in order to enhance the company’s ability to achieve its long term objectives and maintain its profitability. Risk management and critical control systems play an important role in directing organizations towards achieving operations safety by continually preventing and managing these risks (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). Risk control systems therefore refer to a dynamic system adopted by a specific organization to regulate and maintain risks in the company at certai n acceptable levels (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). Critical risks control systems entails a set of resources, procedures, guidelines and actions that are adopted by the organization in order to manage risks. The risk control systems play a major role in creating and preserving the organization’s values, assets as well as its reputation in both the internal and external environment (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). The risk control systems seek to identify and address the potential risks and opportunities that the company is likely to incur in the future on occurrence of risks after which they address and anticipate these risks rather than submitting them passively. The risk management systems assist in the process of decision making and the company’s processes to attain its objectives (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). Through the control systems, the organization seeks to identify the main incidences and events that are likely to influence the company’s long term performance and interfere with the attainment of the company’s objectives. Since it is every organization’s goal to reach the highest level of performance, controlling these risks promotes the company’s performance and enhances the attainment of the company’s objectives. Risk management is an integral part of any organization’s decision-making and operating processes since the decisions made by the organization have to be based on the possibility of occurrence of various risk. Risk control systems allows managers to gain a comprehensive outlook of the company’s threats an opportunities consequently enabling them to make informed decisions based on the probability of risk.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Risk Control Systems and Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Risk control systems and risk management promote consistency of the company’s actions with its value (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). This is because they seek to address the issues likely to affect both the internal and external environment consequently demonstrating corporate responsibility. Occurrence of risks often threatens the company’s credibility and reflects the company’s lack of consistency between decision making process and critical risk costs. It is therefore important for organization’s to contain the effects of risks occurrence by ensuring that the risk is efficiently controlled. Sound risk control systems significantly reduce the probability of risk occurrence consequently promoting the image of the organization both internally and externally. In addition, risk management systems promote cohesion among company’s employees as well as other stakeholders as they work together behind a shared vision of reducing the incidences of risk occurrence in the organization. It is the duty of each organization therefore, to establish a risk control system that is applicable to its specific circumstances (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). The risk control system should incorporate an organizational framework that defines the roles and responsibilities of all the stakeholders, sets out the procedures, and clearly outlines the consistent standards of the system in order to enhance the attainment of its purpose. In addition, the framework should constitute a risk control policy that sets out the system’s objectives in accordance with the corporate culture that should highlight the company’s approach to the identification, analysis and management of risks in the organization. Further, the system should have an advanced information system that facilitates efficient and accurate dissemination of information within the organization. This ensures that the relevant information is transmitted intended recipient within the stipulated time which consequently enhances performance in the organization. An efficient risk control process manifests itself in a three sta ge process; the three stage process entails risk identification, risk analysis and risk management procedures (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). In risk identification, the company seeks to establish the main risks threatening the company’s attainment of its goals and objectives. These risks may derive from internal or external forces.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Risk analysis on the other hand involves the examination of the potential financial, personal, and environmental as well as the reputation implications of the risk occurrence on the company (Greenberg 1991). This enhances the company’s response to accidents upon occurrence. Further, the likelihood of risk occurrence should be assessed in order to award priority to events most likely to occur. The final step involves risk management procedures whereby the most appropriate action plans for the organization are chosen and executed (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). The organization adopts these measures in order to maintain a certain acceptable level of risk necessary for effective performance of the company. The organizations’ risk control systems seek to reduce the amount of risk, transfer the risk, and accept the risk or to completely eliminate the risks. The company makes the appropriate decision by weighing the costs and the opportunities of risk management measures with due co nsideration of their potential effects on the overall performance of the organization as well as its environs. The organization should subject the risk control systems to periodic supervision and reviews which facilitates constant performance improvement. Critical risk control systems for a nuclear plant Nuclear plant activities carry with them an inherent risk that may negatively affect people or the environment (Heinrichs and Fell 1995). Consequently, the aim of all risk managers in the industry is to maintain risks levels as low as possible. The governing bodies embark on extensive regulation and control of the plant in order to safeguard it from internal and external threats. The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission protects nuclear materials within the country from misappropriation, sensitive information from unauthorized disclosure, and regulates the use of radioactive materials in the plants in order to protect people and the environment (NRC 2010). Radioactive materia ls pose danger to human life and the environment through exposure to ionizing radiations. As defined by IAEA in 1988, one of the major goals of safety management in nuclear plants is ensuring the protection of the plant’s personnel, the general public, and the environment through extensive defence against radiological hazards (Neeb 2007). The US NRC has implemented various measures to attain this goal. The events of September 11th that resulted to massive losses of lives prompted US to increase its emphasis on security of radio active materials. Consequently, the NRC has been fully dedicated to the process of providing security to nuclear materials without discouraging their beneficial use through the office of federal and state materials and environmental management program and the office of nuclear security and incidence response (NRC 2010). In the modern global energy, nuclear plant management are confronted with numerous dimensions of risks other than radio active hazards . Therefore, the management has to address these risks in order to remain competitive in the global market (IAEA 2001). Due to major advancements in information technology, there is an increased need for securing sensitive information in nuclear plants. Both classified and sensitive information relating to nuclear operations must be protected by the governing bodies due to its delicate nature. This is important since leakage of information to unauthorized persons may in some instances result in threat to national security, or enable unauthorized people to design, utilize or manufacture nuclear weapons (NRC 2010). According to a report by IAEA (2001), the operating system of nuclear plant comprises of three major sectors; safety, productions, and commercial sectors which are embedded within a strategic outline and are interdependent of each other such that a decision made in one of the sectors consequently impacts on the performance of other sectors. An integrated risk control system therefore analyzes these factors and aims at minimizing or eliminating the risk associated with the same. Various bodies have been established to regulate nuclear activities in the world. These bodies award responsibility to the material licensees to maintain security and accountability of the radioactive material in their possession (NRC 2010). The nuclear licensees and security regulators have consequently agreed on a shared vision to ensure safe, secure and efficient utilization of nuclear materials under the Regulatory Nuclear Interface Protocol (HSE 2009). Plant protection and mitigation systems form an additional yet separated system of layers to the control systems by monitoring the nuclear plant variables (Chapin 1997). If these systems detect that the plant monitoring and control systems are not operating in line with the plant’s pre determined set of conditions, they proceed to shut down the plant. The systems (mitigation and protection) are discrete for the reason that they are physically detached from the software and hardware being employed by the firm’s control and operating systems. In addition, they are environmentally designed to survive in the harshest anticipated accident conditions e.g. earthquakes (Chapin 1997). Licensing of risk control systems is governed by the Regulatory Commission in United States. The federal government has established the (DHS) which has the overall responsibility among the federal agencies for assessing the vulnerability of the nation’s critical infrastructure to external threats and coordinating efforts to enhance security of the same. Back in 2005, DHS sought to inspect the nuclear sites in the United States in order to conduct security reviews which would assist them in assessing the risk and consequences of various events likely to affect the nuclear power plants (Wells 2007). This enabled the body to establish the most effective way of allocating federal resources to improve security in t he nuclear plants. For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the primary focus is on the security of the sites and the protective measures applied to enhance such security. The NRC staffs possesses vast knowledge and experience on matters relating to threat assessment which comes in handy in the process of assessing the possibility of threat to the nuclear power plant. Through the use of reports and secure data bases, the NRC is able to analyze the information in order to identify specific references to nuclear power plants and to determine the possibility of terrorist attack to the nuclear plant (Wells 2007). Identification of risk control systems Flight control is an interesting yet a technically challenging subject for which a wide range of engineering disciplines have to align their skills and efforts in order to establish a successful control system that ensures that the aircrafts are operated in safe conditions (Pratt 2000). Since airline operations require maximum security and s afety conditions, it is important for the airline management to ensure that the safety standards are maintained at all levels in order to avoid accidents. The causes of accidents and incidents in aircraft operations refer to events or conditions that lead to occurrence of aircraft accident. Accidents on the other hand refer to occurrences that affect the normal operations of an air craft. Accidents may occur during the operations from the time a person boards an air craft to the time that all the people have disembarked from the plane that results into serious injuries to people, damage to the air craft and/or the disappearance of the aircraft (National research Council 1998). In the bowtie, the possible risks for the aircraft are clearly outlined. The causes of risks range from helicopter failure, overloading the helicopter, hazardous cargo on board which may result in aircraft accidents. In order to reduce the probability of such risk occurrences, the management should utilize pro per risk control systems. Aircraft operators should strictly adhere to quality control systems which considerably reduces cases of aircraft failures and accidents. Aircraft owners and operators should ensure that their suppliers are providing them with approved aircrafts which have undergone extensive inspection and approval by the governing bodies. Aviation contractors should ensure that the helicopters are maintained in good and safe working conditions in order to promote safety in the long run. Regulatory bodies should certify effective aircraft manufacturers and constantly inspect their production processes in order to promote continuous quality aircraft manufacturing. In addition, the manufacturers must incorporate the standards upheld by airline operators which ensure that high quality aircrafts are utilized consequently reducing the probability of aircraft failure. Governing bodies should ensure that safety procedures are followed at all levels of operations in order to preve nt helicopter. Aircrafts should be used for the appropriate duties and the operators should be highly qualified. Experienced and qualified pilots have the ability to execute their duties effectively and this significantly reduces the number of accidents. The pilots should accurately calculate the required weight and balance for each trip in order to avoid overloading the aircraft which often result in aircraft accidents. In case of adverse environmental conditions, the pilot has the authority to abort any take off or landing in order to prevent an accident. A competent pilot has the ability to adjust route in order to avoid sudden environmental changes such as storm. However, the airline operators should ensure continuous and accurate monitoring of environmental conditions in order to avoid such incidences. Effective communication among the relevant stakeholders is important in the coordination of aircraft operations. The helicopter landing officer should be in constant communicatio n with the pilot in order to promote safe landing and take off. Pre flight induction and video briefing should be highly emphasized in order to enlighten those on board on matters regarding safety and emergency procedures. Effective and constant communication between the pilot and air traffic controllers has been essential in tracing lost aircrafts in the past. Further, the communication enables the air traffic controllers to establish the accurate time for aircraft landing consequently reducing incidences of helicopter crash at the rig. Functional and survivability requirements Continuous monitoring of the performance and quality standards of aircrafts and airlines is necessary in order to ensure that safety performance is achieved and maintained in the long run (Heldman 2005). Adopting critical risk control systems in the short run reduces the effectiveness of risk control systems in achieving long term objectives of the airline. To avoid such incidences, the airline administratio n should make use of the AIR monitors to guarantee constant execution of safety standards and continuous scrutiny of the producer’s control systems in order to establish the level of protection and to incessantly validate that they are still abiding by terms of the documentation as well as the delegation that they hold. The airline companies should establish solid regulatory bodies which should govern the safety standards in aircraft operations. Regulatory bodies should ensure that the rules and regulations such as IATA which regulates transport of hazardous materials are strictly enforced in order to avoid aircraft accidents resulting from hazardous material onboard. Further, these bodies should ensure that aircraft operators are highly qualified. For instance, the regulatory bodies should ensure that the aviation personnel possess valid helicopter underwater training escape training which they must present before boarding the aircraft. Regulatory bodies should constantly in spect the quality standards in aircraft operations in order to ensure that they are implemented and practiced in the long run. Effective communication should be embraced at all levels of aircraft operations. The management should constantly motivate their fellow employees to maintain safe standards in aircraft operations. Both vertical and horizontal communication should be promoted in order to promote coordination of the operations as well as contribution by fellow employees. Risk control system should be based on the basic fundamental principles of risk identification, risk analysis, action plan, and continuous monitoring of the process. Communication between aircraft operators should be enhanced through the utilization of modern technology which has substantially improved communication in the modern world Performance assessment Although the airline management may implement risk control systems effectively, it is important for them to assess the effectiveness of the system in orde r to achieve the intended objectives. Integration of risk control systems and safety assurance enables the attainment of this goal within organizations. The risk control process enables the management to identify the hazards prevalent in airline operations and the subsequent assessments of these risks. Performance assurance on the other hand takes control of the process by ensuring that the risks controls continue to be practiced within the organization and that they continue to achieve their intended purpose. This system further provides for an opportunity for the assessment of the need for new controls arising as a result of changes in the operational environment (Halford 2008). The management should therefore review the long term objectives of risk control systems and assess the probability of achievement based on current performance. Reference List Chapin, D. M., 1997. Digital instrumentation and control systems in nuclear power plants: safety and reliability issues: final repor t, Washington D. C., National Academic Press. Fell, R., Heinrich, P., 1995. Acceptable risks for major infrastructures: proceedings of the seminar on acceptable risks for extreme events in planning and design of major infrastructures, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia, 26-27 April 1994. NY: Taylor and Francis. Fraser, J., 2010. Enterprise Risk Management: Today’s leading Research and Best Practices for Tomorrow’s Executives. Canada, John Wiley and Sons. Greenberg, R. H., 1991. Risk Assessment and Risk Management for the Chemical Process Industry. Canada, John Wiley and Sons. Halford, D. C., 2008. Safety Management Systems in Aviation. London, Ashgate Publishing Limited. Heldman, K., 2005. Projects Manager’s Spotlight on Right Management. Canada, John Wiley and Sons. HSE. 2009. Regulatory Nuclear Interface Protocol. Web. International Atomic Energy Agency. Risk Management: A Tool For Improving Nuclear Power Plant Performance, Austria: IAEA Web. National Academic Press, 1998. Improving the Continued Airworthiness of Civil Aircraft: a Strategy for the FAA’s Aircraft Certification Service. Washington DC, National Academies Press. Neeb, K., 1997. The Radio Chemistry of Nuclear Power Plants with Light Water Reactors. London, Walter de Gruyter. NRC. 2010. Ensuring the security of radio active materials. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Web. Pratt, R., 2000. Flight Control Systems: Practices Issues in Design and Implementation. London, Institution of electrical engineers. Telefonica, S.A., 2005. Annual Report on Corporate Governance 2005. Web. Wells, J., 2007. Nuclear Power Plants: Efforts Made To Upgrade Security, But the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s Design Basis Threat Process Should Be Improved. New York, Diane publishing. Young M L, Stoddard M, Watters J, Nitschke R, Bodeau D., Kertzner P., 2005. Process Control System Security Technical Risk Assessment: Analysis of The Problem Domain. Dartmouth, Dartmouth publishing.

Financial reporting and corporate governance disclosures of Saudi Essay

Financial reporting and corporate governance disclosures of Saudi banks - Essay Example The intention of this study is the corporate governance as â€Å"the set of institutions that determines how the residual claims are distributed between those who have participated in the generation of profits†. In respect of the corporate reproting Shleifer & Vishny provides a clear statement to elaborate corporate governance as â€Å"a form in which stakeholders make sure they will obtain a return of their investment†. This implies that companies need to develop and implement corporate governance policies and practices to ensure that shareholders can have the confidence in the decisions made by managers and expect returns on the investment. Overall good corporate governance could be viewed as â€Å"the subset of those practices that are welfare enhancing for the economy†. The emphasis on corporate governance took its lead when in the early 2000 the US corporate sector was hit by a series of major corporate scandals involving management and those who were respon sible for ensuring integrity in the financial reporting. These corporate failures were mainly argued as a resultant of not enough supervision and regulatory role played by the government. The accounting profession was also blamed for having weak conceptual framework allowing managers to manipulate their financial reporting in favor of attracting investment from shareholders and eventually collapsing due to unveiling of major frauds involving external auditors assisting managers to cover up the internal mismanagement of financial reporting.