Comparing Machiavelli And Plato s The Republic

One of the longest standing arguments in history is focused along the lines of the role of power in government. Who should be granted this power, and how should one elect a leader to be given such an immense responsibility. Often times, another conflict emerges attempting to distinguish the exact role a government must serve, however this argument is placed between the crossfire of human’s need for individual freedoms and liberties yet their desire for structure and some form of order. Two powerful voices in this debate are those of Niccolo Machiavelli and Plato, separated by hundreds of years in history the two men had differing views on the role of the government’s influence on its people. Machiavelli expresses his idea of the correct form of government in both â€Å"The Prince† and â€Å"The Discourses† in which he preaches that a government must stand strong in order for the people below it to flourish. Meanwhile Plato’s notorious â€Å"The Rep ublic† takes a different stance and pushes the idea that the government can give an illusion of freedom by maintaining a specific structure. Obviously one cannot manage a republic without some form of class structure and both men are given the opportunity to portray their thoughts on the role of what one might call the lower class. Although Machiavelli and Plato disagree on complex roles surrounding the exact duties of the lower classes, one thing is certain, through textual evidence they both seem to believe that it is crucial that the mostShow MoreRelated Comparing Machiavellis The Prince and Platos The Republic Essay1790 Words   |  8 PagesComparing Machiavellis The Prince and Platos The Republic  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Many people in history have written about ideal rulers and states and how to maintain them.   Perhaps the most talked about and compared are Machiavellis, The Prince and Platos, The Republic.   Machiavelli lived at a time when Italy was suffering from its political destruction.   The Prince, was written to describe the ways by which a leader may gain and maintain power. In Plato?s The Republic, he unravels the definition of justiceRead MoreHow Does Machiavelli Bring Us From A Medieval View Of Politics Of Power And Interests?1402 Words   |  6 Pagesobservations made of Greek city-states. When comparing these two influential men we should entertain the question, â€Å"would you rather be loved or feared?† Is it possible to have a fully functioning republic without fear of the consequences of disobeying laws and government? Political scientist Aristotle provided excellent work and ideas but I dub incomplete without the added works of Niccolo Machiavelli. Fur thering this discussion, what is the new road Machiavelli sets out on, how does he differ/compareRead MoreTheories of Organizational Behavior10512 Words   |  43 Pagesaccording to Simms (1994) to revitalize organizational theory and develop a better conceptualization of organizational life. Classical School The Greek philosopher Plato wrote about the essence of leadership. Aristotle addressed the topic of persuasive communication. The writings of 16th century Italian philosopher Machiavelli laid the foundation for contemporary work on organizational power and politics. In 1776, Adam Smith advocated a new form of organizational structure based on the divisionRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore

Censorship in Schools Essay - 3746 Words

Censorship in Schools There has recently been a renewed interest and passion in the issue of censorship. In the realm of the censorship of books in schools alone, several hundred cases have surfaced each year for nearly the past decade. Controversies over which books to include in the high school English curriculum present a clash of values between teachers, school systems, and parents over what is appropriate for and meaningful to students. It is important to strike a balance between English that is meaningful to students by relating to their lives and representing diversity and satisfying worries about the appropriateness of what is read. This burden often falls on teachers. The purpose of this research paper is to discuss†¦show more content†¦Censorship can take different shapes depending on the public school system: Schools can give teachers a list of acceptable books to teach, just provide guidelines, or leave it up to the teachers to judge which books are appropriate (Agee, 1999). Teachers are often very nervous about including texts that are not traditional or specifically approved by the school, especially because of the highly publicized cases of teachers whose careers have been ruined because of censorship debates in courts and school systems (Agee, 1999). First Amendment Rights Relating to the Censorship of Books Censorship cases often bring about debates over students’ first amendment rights. Students’ first amendment rights are important to preserve so that students can not be excluded from meaningful works or literature. It is understandable for the government to design educational plans as a way to get its voice into classrooms, but â€Å"the truth-promoting function of the First Amendment provides no reason, however, to question the right of students to explore a variety of ideas and perspectives, and to form and express ideas of their own† (Brown, 1994, p. 30). Schools already place a restriction on religious material or material addressing current political controversy (Brown, 1994). Censors typically feel as though the subject material of controversial books in the high school English curriculum is too much for teenagers to handle (Shen, 2002).Show MoreRelatedCensorship in Schools Today788 Words   |  3 PagesThe word censorship is from the Latin word root of censere, which means to give an opinion or expression to be judged upon. Censorship is the restriction of certain material, and due to its expression it is seen offensive to someone else. The origin of expression of censorship can be tracked back to the Roman Empire when Roman officials assessed the conduct and attitudes of other Roman citizens. The Roman government viewed that in order to have a strong government, the behavior and conduct of theRead MoreThe Importance Of Censorship In Schools1085 Words   |  5 PagesCensorship is a threat to our intellectual freedom. However, many support the idea that books should be banned from schools. The First Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees the freedom of speech and press. The freedom of speech includes the freedom to have unrestricted access to information. Yet throughout history, the movement against banning books usually falls into three categories: political, moral, and religious. With these disputes in mind, we will discuss the reasons we needRead MoreEssay on Censorship in Schools2179 Words   |  9 PagesCensorship in Schools According to â€Å"Freedom of Speech† by Gerald Leinwand, Abraham Lincoln once asked, â€Å"Must a government, of necessity, be too strong for the liberties of its people, or too weak to maintain its own existence (7)?† This question is particularly appropriate when considering what is perhaps the most sacred of all our Constitutionally guaranteed rights, freedom of expression. Lincoln knew well the potential dangers of expression, having steered the Union through the bitterly divisiveRead MoreEssay on Censorship in Schools is not Justifiable959 Words   |  4 PagesCensorship in School is Not Justifiable Walt Whitman once said, â€Å"The dirtiest book of all is the expurgated book.† Between the years 2000 and 2009 a total of 3200 books were challenged in school libraries in an attempt to expurgate, or censor, the content in books provided to students. Today the trend of censorship continues as popular novels such as The Hunger Games, The Fault in Our Stars, and Captain Underpants are censored from schools across the nation (Challenges by Reason).Censorship in regardsRead More Censorship in American Schools Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesCensorship in American Schools You may not realize this but our government plays a large role in governing what sort of information America’s children are exposed to. The average American child receives the majority of their knowledge and education from school, so the information that is allowed to be taught is a very delicate and controversial issue. Literature is often altered or banned from public schools and libraries because they contain of vulgar language, excessive violence, or connotationsRead More Censorship in Public Schools Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pages(Berger 59). -A Vermont high school librarian is forced to resign because she fought the school boards decision to remove Richard Prices The Wanderers, and to quot;restrictquot; the use of Stephen Kings Carrie and Patrick Manns Dog Day Afternoon (Jones 33). -An Indiana school board takes action that leads to the burning of many copies of a textbook that deals with drugs and the sexual behavior of teenagers (Berger 61). These cases of censorship in public schools are not unusual and there isRead MorePros and Cons of Censorship in Schools801 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Censorship is the process of suppressing something that is considered objectionable or offensive† (Emert 1). In order for a work to become censored, some authority figure imposes restrictions that establish what would be and would not be allowed to be put in front of the public for people to read. The standards those in authority base their restrictions off of are the standards set by the publishers, producers, and agencies of that work. Censorship is something that affects many people especiallyRead MoreEssay on Censorship in Libraries and Schools1074 Words   |  5 PagesCensorship in Libraries and Schools What would you do if you went to your childs school and saw that they were looking at inappropriate material on the internet? Would you react the same way if they were in a public library? Who decides what is okay for your children to view? Who decides where they can view it? What can you do about them being able to view these things? Are there any laws that can prevent this from happening? What are some schools and libraries doing to help prevent childrenRead MoreCensorship For Middle School Students Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesCensorship by definition is the suppression of speech or removal of communicative material which may be considered objectionable or repulsive. Censorship is nothing new and its effects are constantly felt throughout society. Many societies use censorship to protect the established moral and social order. Book censorship in western cultures can be traced to the earliest years of Christianity, when the church began to suppress opposing views as unorthodox. In ancient times, before the printing pressRead More High School Internet Censorship Essay1019 Words   |  5 PagesHigh School Internet Censorship       The common image that comes to mind on the topic of censorship is that of book burning. Dating back to ancient times, the easiest way to deal with unwanted writings has been to get rid of them, usually by heaping them into a blazing pyre. In his most famous science fiction novel, Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury warns of a futuristic society where all literature is destroyed under a kerosene flame and the citizens freedoms are kept in check by the lack of written

Separation techniques in forensic science Example For Students

Separation techniques in forensic science The Use Of Separation Techniques In Forensic Science Forensic scientists employ many different separation techniques, these are indispensable for roll uping grounds to be used against to help the gaining control of an wrongdoer. There are many different techniques utilised to accomplish this from filtration to more specialised chromatography. I will research a smattering of the techniques used by today s forensic scientists. Filtration is possible the simplest separating technique used in forensic scientific discipline, and merely set it is used to take objects from a liquid, by go throughing it through either a â€Å"surface filter† which is like a screen, pin downing any solid atoms which can be collected and examined for any criminative grounds. â€Å"Depth filters† can besides be used, these are like sand filters leting liquid to filtrate through and be collected as the solid atoms are collected in the farinaceous stuff. Filtration is besides common in mundane life as it is frequently used to filtrate java and is the nucleus of an air conditioning unit as it removes atoms from the air. Distillation can be used in forensic scientific discipline to easy divide two or more liquids that have been mixed together. Because many different liquids have changing boiling points, for illustration H2O furuncles at one hundred grades C at standard force per unit area and ethyl alcohol furuncles at 78 grades C. So it stands that if you were to heat up a mixture of ethyl alcohol and H2O, Even though both liquids will get down to vaporize the ethyl alcohol will make the condensation tubing foremost and be cooled transforming back into liquid signifier collection in a beaker. Distillation is besides used widely in the commercial industry it is used to divide rough oil, every bit good as some alcoholic drinks. Chromatography plays immense function within the forensic services to assist garner grounds. â€Å"Chromatography† is really a corporate term used to depict the set of research lab techniques to divide mixtures, anything from detecting what constituents make up a certain ink utilizing paper chromatography, which can be used to assist place which pen is used in deceitful papers. To gas chromatography which involves dividing and analysing compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition. Decomposition, being the separation of chemical compound into its single elements. Thin bed chromatography ( TLC ) is a procedure where by a mixture is placed on a plastic or glass sheet which would hold been coated with a bed of absorptive stuff like silicon oxide gel which happens to be extremely porous. This portion of the procedure is known as the stationary phase. The following phase known as the nomadic stage involves adding a dissolver to the underside of the home base which is drawn up by capillary action towards the mixture. In the image this would be dots one, two and three. Separating the analytes ( a chemical substance that is the topic of a chemical analysis ) , which contain different chemical compounds doing them to go up at different rates. In bend this can be compared to a mixture collected individually to find if they are the same substance. High public presentation liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) is a extremely improved signifier of column chromatography which is used to sublimate and divide chemical compounds. HPLC passes liquids through a column which is dumbly packed with silica atom and dissolver. The silicon oxide particles act as a mesh which can capture what passes through it. The mixture alternatively of being allowed to drip through the tubing it is forced through at really high force per unit area this means little atoms will go faster through the tubing, intending the larger atoms would take longer to go through tubing as there is more opposition. This is known as the keeping clip and is normally measured utilizing extremist violet soaking up. Many organic compounds absorb UV visible radiation of assorted wavelengths. If you direct a beam of UV visible radiation through the watercourse of liquid coming out of the column, you can enter how much has been absorbed material passing through. .ufefe76500ac2e3594e7055531d1c5fd6 , .ufefe76500ac2e3594e7055531d1c5fd6 .postImageUrl , .ufefe76500ac2e3594e7055531d1c5fd6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufefe76500ac2e3594e7055531d1c5fd6 , .ufefe76500ac2e3594e7055531d1c5fd6:hover , .ufefe76500ac2e3594e7055531d1c5fd6:visited , .ufefe76500ac2e3594e7055531d1c5fd6:active { border:0!important; } .ufefe76500ac2e3594e7055531d1c5fd6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufefe76500ac2e3594e7055531d1c5fd6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufefe76500ac2e3594e7055531d1c5fd6:active , .ufefe76500ac2e3594e7055531d1c5fd6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufefe76500ac2e3594e7055531d1c5fd6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufefe76500ac2e3594e7055531d1c5fd6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufefe76500ac2e3594e7055531d1c5fd6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufefe76500ac2e3594e7055531d1c5fd6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufefe76500ac2e3594e7055531d1c5fd6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufefe76500ac2e3594e7055531d1c5fd6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufefe76500ac2e3594e7055531d1c5fd6 .ufefe76500ac2e3594e7055531d1c5fd6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufefe76500ac2e3594e7055531d1c5fd6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Propaganda in The Brave New World and The Handmaid’s Tale Sample EssayThe consequences can so be analysed, the keeping times can be compared to the known times of a pure compound which have already been passed through the column doing it perchance to place unknown compounds. Gas chromatography is typically used to prove the pureness of a substance or to divide and cipher the comparative sums of a substance. It is besides used as in high public presentation liquid chromatography to place single compounds. In gas chromatography the stationary stage consists of microscopic bed of liquid coated on the solid surface inside piece glass or metal tube. The gas is so passed through the column and reacts with the walls within the column couasing the each compound doing up the the gas to elute ( go out the column ) at different times. This as in high public presentation liquid chromatography is known as keeping clip, there fore we can work out what the compound is by the analyzing the clip it takes to go out the column. Gas chromatography is noteworthy really similar to column chromatography, the major difference being that in gas chromatography the column is sealed within an oven so that te tempreture of the gas can be controlled. The rule of chromatography is that different compounds will lodge to a solid surface or fade out in a movie of liquid to different grades. All these techniques every bit good as the many others used play a polar function within the forensic scientific discipline service. Whether analysing organic structure fluids for the presence of illicit drugs, fiber analysis, blood analysis from a offense scene, and airdromes to observe residue from explosives. They are critical for tracking by comparing substances from different location. And finally are necessary for guaranting strong beliefs of wrongdoers.

The balance between freedom and order Essay Example

The balance between freedom and order Paper Freedom And Order Freedom without order leads to chaos. Order without freedom leads to tyranny. Only in Christ can these two warring combatants become creative comrades in the dance of grace. Freedom is a wonderful and terrible paradox. In its purest sense, freedom means having no boundaries, borders, rules or restrictions. It Is the uninhibited will to do or refrain as one desires. Freedom defines, in part, deity. After all, who tells God what to do? Made in his image and likeness, we also were designed for freedom, but our broken and dos-ordered hearts bring only chaos. Whether were talking about reckless drivers who feel no need to obey the speed limits or the killing fields of Cambodia, human beings strive constantly to break through any barriers that prevent them from doing as they see fit. The pursuit of freedom without order invariably brings chaos and ultimately results in death. The opposite is also true. Order without freedom leads to another kind of death- tyranny. We are not designed for slavery, and each of us Is born with the God-given and God-like capacity to will and to choose. Anything that robs us of that capacity ninnies us what may be the defining characteristic of our humanity. We will write a custom essay sample on The balance between freedom and order specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The balance between freedom and order specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The balance between freedom and order specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When humanity experienced the Fall, however, the brokenness of sin infected our conscience. Humans now abuse order In the same way they abuse freedom. Order becomes a weapon of control, a device to simply impose my will upon yours. A war now rages in every human heart. Reckless freedom claws at the eyes of violent order in a deadly pas De dues. Only in Christ can these two warring factions become creative comrades In the dance of grace. How? Christ promises life-real life-and that more abundantly than the chaos and tyranny hat characterizes human experience. The life he promises is born from the union of both the freedom and order he brings. Consider biological life for a moment. Science still wrestles with the definition of life Itself, but at a minimum, all seem to agree that life is composed of Increasingly complex structures of inorganic matter that result in behaviors that characterize living things. In other words, if we structure protons, neutrons and electrons in a certain way, we have a soda can-but rearrange the ordering of those same particles, and now we have a cell. Life flows out of the order of structure. In the same way, true life-giving freedom flows out of the well-ordered heart and does not depend upon external structures to either maintain or exercise it. And it is precisely because we are designed to be free that no one-including God-can force us to be free. God is not a tyrant, nor has he designed us for tyranny. We must freely choose to bring order to our broken hearts if we want true freedom, and we must choose to not allow any one or anything to rob us of that God-given freedom. Only Christ, who freely chose the obedience of the cross, can set us free to be free. The freedom that Christ brings has two components: freedom from sin, and the freedom to do good works. External forms of order in social relationships-traffic laws, or the Ten Commandments, for example-are necessary because human beings are 1 OFF not Intrinsically Tree to condos good Demeanor. In toner words, external Torts AT control are necessary to regulate the effects of sin. Without external structures like criminal codes and police agencies to enforce them, the world would be plunged into hellish chaos. The evening news suggests, even with those external structures, the world appears to be growing more chaotic. ) Yet while external order can regulate the effects of sin, it cannot remove the root causes of it. Only Chrisms work on the Cross can destroy the effects of sin in our lives Christ wants something better for us than the Ten Commandments. He does not want us to refrain from killing others because we will be punished if we do. Rather, he wants us to love those that hate u s-Just as He does. To move from a place of abstaining from, under threat from means moving away from external structures and toward internal ones, from tyranny to freedom. It means becoming more like Him. For me to able to do this, my heart needs to be re-ordered by the work of the Spirit and his Word. What is the gospel? It is the good news that what was in the beginning shall be so again in the end. It is the restoration of the image of God in me. We know that freedom and order can become creative comrades in the dance of grace because we see it displayed in Jesus, who died for us, and in whose image we are being made.

How to Measure a Vessels Beam

How to Measure a Vessel's Beam When describing the hull of a vessel three basic measurements give a rough outline of the shape of the hull. These are Length, Beam, and Draft. What Is Beam? Beam is a measurement of a vessels width. It is always measured at the widest point because it is often used to determine if passage can be safely made near an obstacle. Beam is important in determining the handling characteristics of a ship design. A narrow beam hull will run fast but will not perform well in heavy waves because of the narrow cross section. A hull which has a wider beam will be less efficient in cutting through the water because of the larger mass of water that is being displaced. This larger mass also tends to roll less. Beam can also be measured at specific points on the hull like the pilot house or cargo area but these measurements will be designated with the names of these structures. The main measurement of beam is taken at the widest point of a vessel. Naval architects use length, beam, and draft measurements to shape a hull for a specific job by using the concept of Deadrise. The three main hull measurements along with deadrise give the hull a specific shape and handling characteristics. The Origin of Beam in Ships Origin of the word comes from early wooden ship design. The large timbers that sit on top of each rib as they extend up from the keel span the whole width of the ship for strength. On top of this was a deck made of smaller boards that also acted as the ceiling for the first level cabins. From the inside, the ship resembled a house with its floor beams and exposed underside floor decking. A common way to talk about a ship was by the size of her roof beams which would tell you how wide the vessel was and how that proportion related to her length and rig. You could tell everything about a ship from the dimension of this single element of construction. How Beams Are Used Today Today, in modern ship construction, wooden beams are replaced with steel boxes which are much wider than the beams. Wooden beams may have been as wide as a person, steel beams called torsion boxes which are as wide as twenty people are set across the hull. Once this is welded together the ship becomes much more rigid because of something called a stressed skin design which makes ships strong and light. Modern cars use the same idea and use the floor pan and body to make a stiff structure that doesnt need the weight of a heavy solid frame. Another benefit of a stressed skin design is a wide open interior. In wooden ships, two interior posts rose from the chine at each rib to help support the beam which made the interior cramped. In warships, these posts were used to lash down the cannons when they werent in use. They also held the hammocks which really were used on ships of the era The space below the deck was damp and only the lower ranked men slept there. Officers and the Master had better cabins with the junior officers in the bow and the Masters cabin at the stern and raised above the deck by one or more levels. Examples You may hear someone refer to a vessel as Beamy. This means that a vessel has a wide beam in proportion to her length.

Predicting Fall Color and Autumn Leaf Display

Predicting Fall Color and Autumn Leaf Display University of Georgia silvics professor, Dr. Kim Coder, suggests there are ways to predict how beautiful a fall color and autumn leaf display will be. Key predictors are used along with a good mix of common sense and can forecast the quality of a viewing season with surprising accuracy. Leaf Volume The fall season should start with substantial leaf volume. The more leaves attached to trees entering the color season means more to look at. Droughty summer weather conditions can limit that volume but a wet summer can set up disease and insects. You hope for a moderately dry summer. Health Healthy leaves not only present quality viewable leaf surfaces to look at but vigorous leaves stay attached to trees longer. Pest and environmental problems can damage and disrupt leaf surfaces so much that they can actually detract from a quality viewing season. Increased pests can be a factor of both weather and temperature during the summer growing season. Temperature and Precipitation Cool night temperatures with no freezes or frosts and cool, bright, unclouded sunny days will enhance the leaf color change. Slightly dry conditions in the last half of the growing season and on into the fall have a positive effect. Here are the conditions Dr. Coder says contribute to a poor season: Fall rain fronts and long overcast periods diminish color presentation. So do strong wind storms that blow the leaves from the trees. Wet and humid growing seasons lead to many leaf infections and premature leaf abscission. Freezing temperature and hard frosts stop color formation dead. Get Organized A true leaf-peeper will keep accurate annual records of peak color days over the past decade. Peak color day dates tend to repeat themselves over time.

To write a critique or critical review of a scientific paper. Does Article

To write a critique or critical review of a scientific paper. Does bullying cause emotional problems A prospective study of young teenagers - Article Example One study focused on bullying effects on pre-pubescent children with the result being loneliness, depression, and school maladjustment. Another research reviewed was a small parallel study on bullying on adolescents. The findings predicted poor physical health for boys, poor mental health for girls and early onset depression for both. Both cited reviews were from primary sources and seem to be relevant to the study problem. However, the researchers do not give a critical analysis of the results of the cited reviews. The research was conducted through the collection and analysis of survey data from a sample size of over two thousand teenage students collected twice over a period of two years (Bond, Carlin, Thomas, Rubin and Patton, 480). The study was undertaken in schools around Victoria, Australia with a sample size of 2680 secondary school students. The sample was selected from a large population of students from over 12 school districts in rural and metropolitan Victoria. Participation in the study was voluntary for students; requiring written parental consent before involvement in the research. The researchers also sought the approval of education and health stakeholders. They included The Royal Childrens Hospital, the ethics, and human research committee, the Catholic Education Office and the Victorian Department of Education and Training (Bond et al.,481). The researchers clearly describe the method of sample selection. In metropolitan Melbourne, statistical probability methods were used to allocate randomly all participating schools to control or intervention status. Then random sampling methods were employed by the researchers to select 12 schools from the â€Å"intervention† status and 12 schools from the â€Å"control† status. In Rural Victoria, six schools were randomly selected from two regional districts. The total number of schools in Victoria that agreed to participate was twenty-six. Twelve of those schools were assigned

The three most inportant gifts i ever received are Essay

The three most inportant gifts i ever received are - Essay Example When I was young I always had the capability to come out as a leader in my class. I used to be the class representative at an age when my group mates were hesitant to come in front of the teacher. I have learned to lead from the front and guide my class mates through everything that they face. The leadership skills I believe have been gifted to me by God himself. Similarly I have also been gifted the capability of being determined in life. Determination is yet another god gifted capability for which I did not have to do much in my life. From an early age I always had this determination in achieving my goals when I set them up. I wanted to clear the subject of mathematics with a good grade and with the right determination and struggle I was able to do so. I believe that this determination would also help me in the future. Determination is the most important gift I ever received from God as I believe that I can be able to achieve almost anything that I require in this world. Starting from my very early life I received a lot of presents from my family members on my birthday but one special gift that I still remember as the best from my childhood was when my grandfather gifted me a watch. A watch seems too ordinary for an important gift but the timing of the gift matters most to me. While gifting me the watch my grandfather said â€Å"Son, always be particular about your timings†. Ever since I used that watch to make sure that I was particular about my timings and this has helped me greatly in life. These three gifts have helped me to become a better man in my life. I believe that with these gifts I can make out something good of my life and can achieve anything that I require. Being particular about my timings can help me to set an example for others and the capability to lead can help me to lead other people. Similarly with the determination of my sort I think that I can be able to achieve almost any

Research Essay Example for Free

Research Essay El Fili as it is popularly called, is a darker and more evolved novel compared to Noli. Its a book about revenge, manipulation, deception and greed to name a few. Its a shorter book. The dreaminess and idealism of the Noli Me Tangere gives way to the darker, grimmer, more cynical tone of the El Filibusterismo. So the language style also changes instead of the longer, declamative dialogue of the Noli, you have the more direct, action-packed style of the Fill. The Noli, with its anti-friar commentary, still shows hopefulness in terms of a Just civil colonial governance. In comparison, the Fili describes a deep-seated corruption in oth civil government and church, creating a society seething with injustice, and setting the stage for possible revolution. I guess this definitely shows the changes in Rizals state of mind as he was writing the two novels. So, he wrote Fili and expressed his thoughts on the possible solution to the countrys situation. Yes, if you really analyze the messages in both novels, Nolis intention was to state the problem while Fills was to present the possible solutions. I thought Rizal did not write Fili Just to fan further the flame caused by Noli but to tell the Filipinos he different alternatives to their problems and what he thought was the best solution: non-violence. 1. Style. The opening scene in Noli, the grand welcome party in Capitan Tiagos house mirrors the condition of the country right away. On the other hand, the upper and lower decks in MN Tabo shows the marked difference between the social strata in the country particularly the Spaniards (peninsulares, insulares, mestizos) and the lowly indios. As per as the manner of writing, i. e. , long or short, simple or complex, sentences, rushed or leisurely pacing, they are the same. -rte SCORE: 0-0 2. Tone. Noli is social while Fili is political. Noli still has a heart because it has this passionate love story between Ibarra and Maria Clara. Fili is mostly about revenge and debates which mean it has more brain than heart. So, this depends in the readers preference. I thought that I enjoyedNoli more. Noli over Fili SCORE: 1-0 3. Mood. Noli is confused yet still hopeful. Angst is still underneath. Fillis altogether hatred from page 1 until the last chapter except in the last scene. There are more scenes in Noli where I was mesmerized by Rizals use of beautiful prose putting natural color on his settings. There are still some in Fili but they were overshadowed by the strong hatred emotions from the characters. SCORE: 2-0 4. Diction. Rizal used his characters to express his thoughts. There are these debates or long conversations that while reading, you will get the feeling that Rizal is discussing his views with you. In Noli, there are only 2: Ibarra and Pilisopo Tasyo is one and the debate about the town fiesta as the other. Fili on the other hand, has a lot more: Isagani vs Ginoong Pasta, Macaraig vs Don Cammaro, the friars and government officials in Los Banos, Placido Penitente vs his professor, Isagani vs Padre Fernandez and even the last scene with Simon and Padre Florentino. Wonderful debates. Fili over Noli SCORE: 2-1 5. Point of View. Both employ an omniscient narrator but there is a part in Fili when Rizal used stream-of-consciousness. This is the part when Simoun heard about the death of Maria Clara. What an effective way of expressing Rizals sadness and I could not help but wonder if this was how he felt when Leonor Rivera got married to a foreigner. SCORE: 2-2 6. Narrative Presence. The attitude of the omniscient narrator is more accommodating and patient in Fili rather than in Noli. For example, in the Noche Buena scene in Noli, the narrator used the readers sympathy over the limping Basilio chasing the crazy Sisa and he forgot to describe the setting. In Fili with Basilio after 13 years, I was in awe reading the beautiful description of the forest while Basilio was remembering the first Noche Buena. Narrative Attitude. Despite those beautiful descriptions of the settings in Fill, it is more direct and straightforward. Although the message is sometimes diluted by the many options presented, Rizal was able to tie the loose ends in the very last chapter during the whole-day conversation between Simoun and Padre Florentino. Also, the dialogues are more brutal like in the scene with the talking head or sphinx. SCORE: 2-4 8. Time Frame. Noli starts with Ibarras homecoming after staying in Europe for 7 years. Fili starts witn Simouns appearance atter disappearing as Ibarra atter 1 years. Ibarra is hopeful that he will be able to bring change by putting up a school with his love for his country as the reason. He was able to learn this from his trips abroad including his stay in Spain. However, the 13 years in Cuba was, for me, not enough for Simoun to gather all those treasures that he claimed to have even come rom Marie Antoinette and the pyramids in Egypt. It Just sounded not too plausible.. Time Management. Noli starts at the end of October to December 24 (Christmas Eve). Fili on Christmas Eve to after Holy Week or after the school year. Less than 2 months for Rizal to tell the tale of a small town of San Diego but he needed more than that to tell the events in the city. I thought he used his time frames quite well in both. SCORE: still at 3-4 10. Place. If Calamba were the basis for San Diego, the Binondo and San Diego locations in Noli seems to be more realistic. The Laguna de Bay-Manila-pasig River- Tiyani-Binondo then finally to a provincial place with a plateau and the plateau is right in front of a deep sea is Just a bit of a stretch. How could the weak and wounded Simoun travel to a far-flung provincial place of Padre Florentino? Some say that the basis of this place was Atimonan, Quezon and it is a 4-hour drive from Manila. But for a horse-drawn carriage during the Spanish times? And Simoun was still able to confess to the priest for 1 whole day! SCORE: 4-4 11. Motif. The letters are the recurring images in Noli and there was not a single letter in Fill. Rather, in Fili the recurring images are the treasures and the lights. The letters in Noli denotes secrecy or inner ghosts. They signify the hidden emotional turmoil of Rizal and the Filipinos. The treasures in Fili means evil not all the glitters are gold and the lights, e. g. the stars that were in the sky guiding Basilio, the lights reflected on the surface of Laguna de Bay and the lamplight that could have killed all the rich and famous in Manila, signify hope. Rizal was really wonderful in using his motifs. SCORE: still at 4-4 12. Theme. Overall, Noli is positive: hope, love, beautiful memories, parties, town iesta, picnic by the riverbank, groundbreaki ng for a school, many books, knowledge, etc. On the other hand, again overall, Fili is negative: hate, revenge, death, rape in the open, persecution, students leaving the university, scary stage shows, protests, son killing his own kin, etc SCORE: 5-4 13. Irony. Since there is no prevailing emotion in Noli, the use of irony in that novel is more effective. Who would forget the Christmas Eve when Basilio was chasing Sisa, his lunatic mother? There were also scenes in Filiwhen this was nicely used like when Simoun went to the house of Kabesang Tales and lured him to commit rebellion by howing him the treasures. However, we already knew Simouns intent even at the onset so it was not as effective as those last scene in Noli. The one of Carolino and Tandang Selo was anti-climatic in my opinion. SCORE: 6-4 14. Rythmn. Narrative rhythm is greatly influence by the theme in these two books. I enjoyed the deployment of words better in Noli for example the old-fashioned but kilig dialogues between Ibarra and Maria Clara when they were in the azotea. The many long debates in Fili were at times so convoluted that they tend to go around in circles (not to mention non-sense characters mouthing nonsense statements) that here are parts when they were boring and pointless. SCORE: 7-4 15. Pace. I thought that this was won by Fili by a mile.

Comparison Between Sculpture in Kuwait and Australia Essay -- Art

Comparison between Sculpture in Kuwait and Australia Research Objectives There have been significant differences between the sculptures in Kuwait and those in Australia. The research will evaluate the weaknesses in Kuwait sculptures in terms of funds accessible, available galleries and the public awareness on this artistic works. In addition, the research will evaluate ways of strengthening the sculptures in Kuwait. Synopsis The difference between contemporary and traditional art can be demonstrated by analyzing the sculptures in Kuwait. This is because the available sculptures have been neglected and the artists remain unappreciated despite their amazing talent and dedication. This paper will analyze the galleries in Kuwait, the art schools, funds allocated and the existing sculptures, and compare these factors with those in Australia. The differences to be realized after the analysis will be used to develop a strategy aimed at improving the sculptures and other artworks in Kuwait. Background Information The sculptures available in Kuwait have been long forgotten, especially those in public places. The sculpture in Rumaithiya is one example of sculptures that have been neglected, as demonstrated by the rust and cracks in the sculpture (Modeen 2009). For a very long time, many people have ignored artworks and sculptures across Kuwait. The government has also not been vibrant enough to promote sculpture making. This has made individuals to take to other jobs, hence reducing the number of artists willing to engage in sculpture making. The artists who have concentrated in sculpture making have been reducing in numbers given that in this era developed computer software is being used to generate virtual designs. Graphic design ... ...ill take another seven days after which the renowned artists and sculptors will be contacted. Depending on their schedules, the study will give each individual an allowance of ten days, and since the artists will be three, one month will be used to conduct the interviews. Works Cited Art Kuwait 2011, Spatial sound sculpture – new generation of art, viewed 29 August 2011, Drury, N 1993, New sculpture: Profiles in contemporary Australian sculpture, Craftsman House, Sydney. Lumley, A 1990, Sydney's sculpture, Longman Cheshire, Sydney. Modeen, T 2009, Public sculpture in Kuwait – Rumaithiya, viewed 29 August 2011, Sturgeon, G 1991, Contemporary Australian sculpture, Craftsman House, Sydney.

MRI Applications Imaging Knee Joint Health And Social Care Essay

The articulatio genus articulation is one of the most complicated articulations in the human organic structure. Because the articulatio genus is so vulnerable in many respects, it is besides the most normally injured articulation, particularly in the younger, athletic population. As a consequence of the enormous emphasiss applied on the constructions of the articulatio genus during athletic activities, articulatio genus hurts are besides the taking cause of long-run disablement of jocks ( Davies & A ; Cassar-Pullicino 2002 ) . In add-on to other imaging modes such as computing machine imaging, ultrasound and general skiagraphy, magnetic resonance imagination ( MRI ) is now normally used to picture the complex anatomy and pathological findings of one of the most of import joint articulations in our organic structures ( Harper et al 2005 ) . The cause of internal mental unsoundnesss of the articulatio genus can run from athleticss activities to effects of devolution. Arthroscopy was the primary method used to accomplish a comprehensive rating of articulatio genus joint constructions before MRI became widely available. In comparing to MRI imagination, the arthroscopic process is both invasive and expensive. With the outgrowth of MRI as a powerful diagnostic tool, arthroscopies are no longer routinely used to name internal articulation constructions. Alternatively, it is now more normally used for curative benefits, and to clear up inconclusive findings ( Grenier et al 2004 ) . MRI has contributed mostly to the basic apprehension and clinical diagnosing of assorted hurts and conditions impacting the articulatio genus. The different constructions in the articulatio genus can be visualized in great item on different MRI pulsation sequences.MeniscusThe semilunar cartilage are made up of fibrocartilaginous constructions that a ttach to the condylar surface of the shinbone. The median semilunar cartilage remainders on the interior of the articulatio genus, whilst the sidelong semilunar cartilage lies on the exterior of the articulatio genus. Meniscal hurts are one of the most common causes of articulatio genus hurting and disablement ( Alatakis & A ; Naidoo 2009 ) . Acute meniscal hurts are normally caused by either valgus emphasis with external rotary motion or varus emphasis with internal rotary motion of the articulatio genus. Patients with meniscal harm normally experience hurting and swelling as their primary symptoms. Other common ailments include joint-locking, starting and snaping within the articulatio genus, or the inability to wholly unbend the articulation. Harmonizing to Feller ( 2002 ) , additive, complex, or diffuse increased signal strength within the semilunar cartilage and communicate with an articular surface are declarative of meniscal cryings on MR images. Meniscal cryings may be descr ibed in assorted ways, which include horizontal cleavage, radial, parrot beak, peripheral or perpendicular, flap, bucket-handle, meniscocapsular separation, complex, and macerated ( Feller 2002 ) . Grenier ( 2004 ) describes the normal semilunar cartilage as a semi-circle of gristle and collagen fibers that appear as low, homogeneous signals with wedged-shape profiles on all MRI sequences, and ‘bow-tie ‘ profiles on sagittal pieces ( Figure 1 ) . Younger patients may look to hold intrasubstance signal around the peripheral border on the scans. This happening is sometimes mistaken for a tear. However, the signal is more frequently showing vascularity, non pathology. Although the axial plane can be used to expose meniscal construction, everyday axial images at 4 to 5mm may be excessively thick to show meniscal pathology. Harmonizing to Fox ( 2007 ) , a piece thickness of about 3 to 4 millimeter is more ideal in showing a meniscal tear in the axial plane. The anterior and posterior horns of the median and sidelong semilunar cartilages are best demonstrated on sagittal pieces, whilst coronal images best show the meniscal organic structures. Hence, the semilunar cartilage are best evaluated on the sagittal and coronal planes. High spacial declaration and an optimized signal/noise ratio ratio are besides required to supply accurate visual image of the semilunar cartilage. At our pattern, PD- weighted fast spin-echo images are preferred for meniscal rating as they can show the assorted classs of meniscal cryings or devolution. Meniscal hurts are frequently accompanied by secondary pathologies of the articulatio genus. Fat impregnation is besides appli ed in the PD sequences to visualise any presence of ligamentous hurts and bone marrow hydrops ( Harper et al 2005 ) . Figure 1. T1-weighted sagittal image of the right articulatio genus showing the normal ‘bowtie ‘ visual aspect of the sidelong semilunar cartilage ( Grenier et al 2004 ) . Meniscal cysts can frequently do marks and symptoms consistent with typical meniscal pathology, and include swelling, hurting, tenderness, limited mobility, and a tangible mass. They are normally unstable aggregations that have resulted from the peripheral borders of horizontal cleavage cryings or complex cryings of the semilunar cartilage. Meniscal cysts besides tend to be more normally associated with cryings in the sidelong semilunar cartilage, and are by and large accompanied by lateralizing joint line tenderness ( Feller 2002 ) . Harmonizing to Grenier & A ; Wessely ( 2004 ) , the cystic mass normally appears with low signal strength on T1-weighted images, but has increased signal strength on T2-weighted MR images. Meniscal cysts can look in all imagination planes, but are best demonstrated in axial and coronal images.Ligaments: Cruciate & A ; CollateralLigamentous hurts of the articulatio genus are common happenings among jocks. The constructions that function as the chief stab ilizers of the normal articulatio genus joint consist of four chief ligaments ; the medial and sidelong collateral ligaments, every bit good as the anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) and posterior cruciate ligament ( PCL ) ( Tham et al 2008 ) . The most often injured ligament in the articulatio genus is the anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) . The ACL ‘s primary maps are to forestall anterior interlingual rendition of the tibia relation to the thighbone, limit rotary motion of the shinbone when the articulatio genus is in extension, and bound varus and valgus emphasis when the medial and sidelong collateral ligaments are injured. Cryings of the ACL are normally caused by valgus emphasis or hyperextension, and normally occur in featuring activities that involve changeless acceleration and slowing ( Berquist 2001 ) . Although best demonstrated in the sagittal position, the normal ACL appears as a thick set of fibers with low signal strength on all imaging planes. The ACL is best demonstrated in the sagittal plane. In the normal articulatio genus, it is shown to attach proximally at the internal facet of the sidelong femoral condyle, and distally to the anterior shinbone and the anterior facet of the tibial spinal column ( see Figure 2a ) . However, due to partial averaging of the proximal ACL with the cortical border of the sidelong femoral condyle, the proximal femoral fond regard of the ACL is non ever demonstrated faithfully on sagittal images. Therefore, axial images can be helpful in visualising the proximal ACL and femoral fond regard. On the coronal pieces, the ACL is demonstrated as a level set adjacent to the sidelong femoral condyles ( Grenier et al 2004 ) . If there is no visual image or discontinuity of the ACL in merely the sagittal plane, it is normally sufficient in naming the presence of an ACL tear. When there is a tear nowadays, the ACL fibers can be seen to be wholly or partly disrupted with unnatural morphology and signal strength ( Tham et al 2008 ) . Other marks of a tear are discontinuity and an change of the orientation of the fibers ( see Figure 2b ) . Harmonizing to Grenier & A ; Wessely ( 2004 ) , intrasubstance high signal countries tend to be indexs of partial cryings in the ACL. Chronic cryings are characterized with outstanding fibrosis and associated cicatrix formation. Because of the mechanism of hurt, ACL cryings are frequently accompanied by associated ligamental, meniscal, and boney hurts. Figure 2a ) ( left ) Sagittal proton-density image of the articulatio genus demoing the normal ACL ( white pointer ) ( Tham et al 2008 ) . B ) ( right ) Sagittal T1-weighted image of the articulatio genus demoing discontinuity of the ligament fibers ( pointer ) , proposing an acute tear in the ACL ( Grenier et al 2004 ) . The chief map of the posterior cruciate ligament ( PCL ) is to move as the primary stabilizer of the articulatio genus, and prevent posterior interlingual rendition of the shinbone. It is located near the centre of rotary motion of the articulatio genus, and has a normal ‘inverted hockey-stick ‘ visual aspect. Because the PCL is thicker and stronger than the ACL, it is injured less normally. However, hurts to the PCL can be caused by a direct blunt force to the anterior facet of the articulatio genus. The force of the injury can force the shinbone back posteriorly in relation to the thighbone, ensuing in a sprain or tear of the PCL ( Roberts et al 2007 ) . Injuries to the PCL can show the same scope of visual aspects on MR imaging as ACL hurts, including focal countries of unnatural signal to finish break of the ligament. Specific countries of increased signal strength and break of ‘hockey-stick ‘ visual aspect of the PCL are common indexs of a partial tear of the PCL ( Figures 3 a & A ; B ) . However, PCL cryings are non every bit common as ACL cryings, and secondary findings may non be as characteristic or well-described. The PCL is visualized in all MRI planes and sequences with a uniform, hypointense signal. Similar to the ACL, the PCL is besides best visualized on sagittal images, and can hold partial or complete cryings ( Grenier & A ; Wessely 2004 ) . Coronal images may be helpful in measuring the short diameter cross-section of the PCL ( Davies & A ; Cassar-Pullicino 2002 ) . Figure 3a ) ( left ) The upside-down ‘hockey stick ‘ visual aspect of the PCL is shown in a sagittal T1-weighted image of a normal articulatio genus. B ) ( right ) The signal strength of the PCL has changed, and there is besides discontinuity of the fibers. The PCL no longer has an ‘inverted hockey-stick ‘ visual aspect ( Grenier et al 2004 ) . The chief constructions that provide stableness to the medial and sidelong parts of the articulatio genus are the indirect ligaments. MRI rating of the collateral ligaments is effectual, but can be disputing because of the anatomic fluctuation and the thin nature of these constructions. The mechanisms of hurt to the medial and sidelong collateral ligaments are inordinate valgus and varus emphasis ( Helms et al 2009 ) . The median collateral ligament ( MCL ) is normally visualized as a level construction that begins from the epicondyles of the thighbone and attaches into the median shinbone. The MCL is the 2nd most normally injured ligament in the articulatio genus. The sidelong or fibular collateral ligament ( LCL ) attaches the distal thighbone to the fibular caput collectively with the biceps femur, and is the chief restraint to varus forces on the articulatio genus ( Grenier et al 2004 ) . The collateral ligaments are by and large best visualized on coronal pieces, looking as countries of low signal strength ( see Figures 4 a & A ; B ) . The LCL can by and large be evaluated on a individual coronal image due to its oblique class. The short diameter cross-section of the MCL can besides be demonstrated on consecutive axial images. These are indispensable in finding the extent of partial cryings or intrasubstance sprains ( Davies & A ; Cassar-Pullicino 2002 ) . When there is a complete tear of the LCL, irregular contouring of the lacerate ligament with environing fluid or hydrops can be observed on MRI images ( Feller 2002 ) . As with the semilunar cartilage, conventional spin reverberation sequences provide moderately accurate appraisal of the ligaments. The normal ligament may be good visualized on T1-weighted spin-echo images. But in the presence of a joint gush, the unity of the cruciate ligaments may be hard to measure. In our pattern, PD spin-echo sequences are by and large used in all imaging programs as they provide good contrast between the ligament and joint fluid, and show a greater SNR ( Davies & A ; Cassar-Pullicino 2002 ) . Figure 4a ) ( left ) Coronal PD images of the articulatio genus show a normal sidelong collateral ligament ( LCL ) that attaches from the sidelong femoral condyle to the caput of the calf bone ( white arrowheads ) . B ) ( right ) The normal median collateral ligament ( MCL ) can be seen attaching from the median femoral condyle to the median surface of the organic structure of the shinbone ( white pointers ) ( Tham at el 2008 ) .Osseous PathologyBone bruising is frequently associated with coincident soft tissue hurts. Therefore, placing bone bruising besides helps to place other possible hurts. Tension injuries affecting ligaments tend to avulse bony fond regard sites. Bone bruising at the sidelong femoral condyles and the posterolateral facet of the tibial tableland are normally related to acute cryings of the ACL. Assorted hurts to the ligamentous and meniscal constructions are besides associated with osteal pathology. Although blunt breaks can be good visualized on conventional sk iagraphy, bone bruising by and large requires MRI to be visualized ( Grenier & A ; Wessely 2004 ) . Traumatic bony lesions, microfractures or trabeculate hurts that occur in the ague or subacute scene are normally accompanied by bone marrow hydrops. They by and large present as low signal strength countries on T1 images, or increased signal strength countries on T2 and fat suppressed images. Fat suppressed images are helpful as they will show an increased signal strength if bony jobs are present. Fat suppression eliminates the signal from the marrow, therefore leting bone marrow hydrops to go more apparent. Figure 5 demonstrates an country of increased signal strength on a T2-weighted image, bespeaking the presence of bone bruising. Bone bruises and stress reactions can frequently look as a diffuse or localised country of low signal strength on T1- weighted images. A defined break line is normally non seen. However, any cortical or stress breaks that may be present would look as cri sp, chiseled, additive subdivisions with reduced signal strength on all MR sequences ( Feller 2002 ) . Figure 5. Sagittal T2-weighted image showing a big bone bruise within the femoral condyle ( pointer ) ( Grenier & A ; Wessely 2004 ) .Extensor muscle MechanismThe extensor mechanism is made up of the quadriceps musculus and sinew, kneecap, and patellar sinew. Injury to the extensor mechanism seldom occurs. However, should it happen, it is normally indirect, and is frequently caused by strong quadriceps contraction that is opposed by forced flexure of the articulatio genus. Loss of map in the extensor mechanism and sever hurting are direct consequences of complete break of the mechanism ( Feller 2002 ) . Patellar disruption occurs when the kneecap has been wholly displaced from the femoral trochlea, and is the most common cause of break of the extensor mechanism. The disruption about ever occurs to the sidelong side. An arthroscopic process is normally required if a piece of patellar gristle is found on the MR images ( Stoller 2002 ) . Osgood-Schlatter disease and jumperA?s articulatio genus both root from chronic patellar tendinitis. With Osgood-Schlatter disease, redness of the sinew occurs. However, with jumper ‘s articulatio genus, micro-tears and collagen devolution occur as a consequence of puting repeated strain on the joint with gestures such as leaping motions ( Berquist 2001 ) . Both entities have similar MRI findings, and are demonstrated as focal or spindle-shaped thickener of the patellar sinew, and may show with increased intratendonous signal. The increased signal by and large appears near the tibial tubercle with Osgood-Schlatter disease. However, with jumperA?s articulatio genus, the increased signal is normally present near to the part of the inferior pole of the kneecap. Overliing hypodermic hydrops can sometimes happen, taking to countries of low signal strength due to bony fragments ( Feller 2002 ) .Extra InjuriesInjury to the articulatio genus can besides ensue in hurt to other of import soft tissue constructions, such as the Bursa, which includes the popliteal, prepatellar, pes anserinus, semi-membranosus and tibial collateral ligament Bursa. Inflammation, or bursitis, in these countries can frequently be mistaken for other intra-articular pathologies. MRI is able to supply brilliant visual image of these soft tissue constructions. The popliteal Bursa is normally the most common site of hurt. The normal popliteal Bursa may incorporate a little sum of fluid in the posterior facet of the articulatio genus, and by and large nowadayss as a focal country of increased T2 signal ( Grenier et al 2004 ) . Traumatic haemarthrosis can besides happen as a consequence of a meniscal or ligamental tear. MRI imagination is helpful in finding the beginning of the hydrops. A standard articulatio genus protocol is normally sufficient in imaging traumatic haemarthrosis.MR ArthrographyConventional arthrography has bit by bit become unneeded with the debut of MRI of the articulatio gen us. MR arthrography is used merely when there is a demand to foster measure the post-operative meniscua, osteochondral lesions, or show loose organic structures, in a patient with no joint gush. MR arthrography may be direct or indirect ( Helms et al 2009 ) . In indirect arthrography, Gd is injected intravenously. The articulatio genus is so scanned about 10 to 20 proceedingss after, during which some contrast would hold diffused into the articulatio genus articulation. However, indirect arthrography does non supply distention of the articulatio genus articulation with fluid, which is indispensable in this process. Hence, indirect arthrography remains more limited. With direct arthrography, contrast is injected straight into the patellofemoral articulation through the sidelong facet of the kneecap. If the radiotherapist executing the process is experienced, fluoroscopic counsel is non even necessary. MR arthrography of the articulatio genus is non presently performed at our pattern, and at the minute, no protocol has been established for this process. However, harmonizing to Magee et Al ( 2003 ) , T1-weighted images with fat impregnation are typically employed following the injection of Gd. If normal saline is used as the contrast agent, T2-weighted or gradient echo images with T2 weighting may be used every bit good.MR ProtocolWith our 1.5-Tesla MR system, imagination of the articulatio genus is performed with the patient in a supine place, with a dedicated phased-array quadrature articulatio genus spiral. If the patient ‘s articulatio genus is unable to suit into the standard spiral, or that the patient has trouble widening their articulatio genus, a flexible surface spiral may be used. Most patterns have standard protocols for MR imaging rating of the articulatio genus which normally includes coronal, sagittal, and axial positions. A standard articulatio genus protocol at our pattern includes: T1 Sagittal PD FS Sagittal ( Proton denseness with fat impregnation ) T2 GRE ( Gradient echo ) Sagittal PD Coronal PD FS Coronal PD FS Axial Sagittal images are likely the best imagination plane at showing pathologies affecting the internal constructions and assorted pathologies of the articulatio genus. Components of the median and indirect ligaments, every bit good as the next capsule, are well-demonstrated in the sagittal plane. Mid-sagittal pieces can supply visual image of the patellofemoral compartment, quadriceps, and kneecap sinew. The ACL and PCL are besides best displayed on sagittal images. The sagittal plane is normally sufficient in naming cryings of the ACL and PCL, as breaks or unnatural signal strengths bespeaking a tear are easy demonstrated in the sagittal plane ( Davies & A ; Cassar-Pullicino 2002 ) . Images in the sagittal plane can besides be highly helpful in measuring meniscal anatomy for both devolutions and cryings. The coronal plane enables the visual image of the posterior capsule, popliteus sinew, cruciate ligaments and semilunar cartilage, the collateral ligaments, and the extensor mechanism. The collateral ligaments are besides often evaluated utilizing the coronal plane. Coronal images can be used in concurrence with sagittal images to show the cruciate ligaments, and to measure the posterior femoral condyles, which are common sites of articular eroding. The low signal strength popliteal vass are besides identified on posterior coronal images ( Helms et al 2009 ) . Due to the oblique orientation of the median and sidelong patellar aspects, every bit good as the articular gristle, the axial plane is the most equal at showing these constructions through the patella-femoral articulation. Axial plane images by and large serve as a localizer to find sagittal and coronal planning. Majority of the osteal dealingss between the kneecap, thighbone and tibua, every bit good as the fond regards of the cruciate and indirect ligaments can be displayed in axial images. The larger sidelong patellar aspect and the oblique median kneecap aspect are besides seen in the axial plane, as are both the sidelong and median patellar retinacular fond regards at the degree of the patellofemoral articulation ( Davies & A ; Cassar-Pullicino 2002 ) . In order to adequately measure the articulatio genus, images should be obtain in the sagittal, coronal and axial planes. All three imaging planes work in concurrence to show all the internal constructions of the articulatio genus. For illustration, although the semilunar cartilage are chiefly evaluated on sagittal images, they are frequently supplemented by images in the coronal plane. Sagittal images are used to visualise the cruciate ligaments, which can besides be farther assessed on coronal and sometimes axial images. Coronal images are indispensable in showing collateral ligaments, but are besides supplemented by axial images. The patellofemoral articulation is best assessed on axial images, but can besides be evaluated on sagittal images ( Stoller 2002 ) . Hence, all three planes are indispensable in exhaustively showing the articulatio genus. The most normally used sequences for MRI of the articulatio genus include spin-echo or fast spin-echo ( FSE ) proton denseness sequences , with or without fat impregnation, T1 and gradient reverberation ( GRE ) .Image SequencesStandard protocols for MRI rating of the articulatio genus include sagittal, axial and coronal images. A typical modus operandi protocol at our pattern may include sequences such as: PD- leaden spin-echo imagination ; T1-weighted spin-echo imagination ; and T2-weighted gradient reverberation imagination. Other optional protocols include a short tau inversion recovery ( STIR ) sequence in the sagittal plane. In PD-weighted sequences, the image contrast is dependent chiefly on the denseness of protons in the imagination volume. The images are typically acquired utilizing TR that is greater that with T1 sequences, and TE that is less than in T2 sequences. At our pattern, PD sequences are chiefly used in all planes to show the articulatio genus. This is because PD spin reverberation images have high signal to resound ratio, and are able to supply accurate anatomical item. When fat impregnation is applied, PD-weighted sequences have an increased sensitiveness for synovial fluid within meniscal cryings. This makes the sequence highly valuable in measuring meniscal pathology. The combination of fat impregnation with PD weighted sequences besides allows for high sensitiveness to cartilage and intramedullary osteal abnormalcies ( Stoller 2002 ) . Fat impregnation to supply a better presentation of any abnormalcy, appraisal of bone marrow abnormalcies, and enables the distinction between fluid an d fat at their interface. Fat impregnation is applied to take the high signal strength of fat in the articulatio genus, therefore leting bone marrow pathology, semilunar cartilage and gristle to be demonstrated more clearly. Therefore, PD weighted sequences with fat impregnation is used in all three imaging planes to measure the articulatio genus ( Davies & A ; Cassar-Pullicino 2002 ) . However, PD weighted sequences utilizing fat impregnation normally require longer scanning times, which can sometimes be a disadvantage to the injured patient. The effectivity of fat impregnation is besides decreased at low magnetic field strengths, and it is extremely sensitive to local magnetic field inhomogeneities ( Helms et al 2009 ) . A gradient reverberation sequence and T1-weighted sequence are besides performed in the sagittal plane. In imagination, a T1 image is obtained when merely one reverberation is generated utilizing a short TR and TE. The T1-weighted sequence provides a general overview of the anatomy and any gross pathology. Normal anatomy of the ligaments and semilunar cartilages can be adequately visualized on T1 images. However, in the presence of a joint gush, any pathology nowadays may go hard to measure. T1-weighted images are besides non able to adequately show the hyaline gristle as it appears of low signal strength, and is hence identical from joint fluid ( Stoller 2002 ) . A gradient reverberation is formed when a brace of bipolar gradient pulsations is used. In T2-weighted gradient reverberation sequences, a smaller somersault angle is used, along with longer TR and TE. Signal strength alterations within the ligaments ensuing from hurt are more clearly demonstrated on T2-weight gradient reverberation sequences, therefore leting for the accurate appraisal of the unity of the ligament. Gradient reverberation images besides display the hyaline gristle with high signal strength, which in bend contrasts aggressively with next constructions of low signal strength ( Davies & A ; Cassar-Pullicino 2002 ) . However, because gradient reverberation images do non supply equal visual image of bone marrow pathology, they are non by and large recommended for the rating of bony pathology, particularly in the instance of the injured patient.DiscussionStandard articulatio genus imaging protocols can besides include T2-weighted every bit good as STIR sequences. Conventio nal PD sequences were compared to FSE-PD sequences in 216 back-to-back surveies. Amongst the 216 patients, it was found that 42 cryings were missed on the fast spin reverberation ( FSE ) PD sequences, but shown in the conventional PD sequence ( Helms 2009 ) . Hence, Helms et Al ( 2009 ) concludes that FSE PD images are unacceptable in the imagination of the articulatio genus. Alternatively, the writer suggests that sagittal FSE T2-weighted images with fat impregnation would supply brilliant visual image of the cruciate ligaments, gristle and osteal constructions. Similarly, the survey states that although gradient reverberation sequences would do for imaging the gristle, but was unacceptable of showing the castanetss. However, a separate survey by Wolff et Al ( 2008 ) has found that FSE PD-weighted sequences are sufficient in showing meniscal cryings. T2-weighted and STIR sequences are non typically performed at our pattern. T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR imagination with fat impregnation can be an accurate and fast technique for observing and rating articular gristle defects in the articulatio genus ( Alatakis & A ; Naidoo 2009 ) . Because PD-weighted sequences have high SNR and can supply high anatomic item, we chiefly use PD sequences in geting articulatio genus images. However, it has been noted that pathology, which is characterized by an addition in unstable content, can be accentuated in the PD weighted sequences. One of the benefits of the STIR sequence is that the signal from fat is wholly suppressed. Another advantage of the STIR sequences is that because they are based on the rapid T1 recovery of fat, they can be employed utilizing low field strength, and are non affected by gradient field inhomogeneities. Because the STIR sequence does non trust as much on the homogeneousness of the magnetic field, it can supply an alte rnate method of fat signal suppression. Bone hydrops can besides be assessed utilizing STIR sequences. However, STIR images by and large have a comparatively low SNR. Thus, tissues with a similar T1 to flesh out, such as bleeding, melanin and Gd, may besides be suppressed ( Berquist 2001 ) . For this ground, STIR sequences are by and large unsuitable for MR arthrography or scanning following endovenous Gd ( Magee et al 2003 ) . This sequence may be used in our pattern if there is metal artifact nowadays. Metallic devices can make an inhomogenous magnetic field. This can ensue in countries of suboptimal fat impregnation. STIR sequences frequently result in reduced SNR, and as a consequence, images can hold a farinaceous visual aspect with loss of tissue signal declaration ( Helms et al 2009 ) . STIR sequences besides require longer scan times. After reexamining the literature, it has been taken into history that some alterations to our current protocol could be made. It is my continued belief that the PD-weighted sequences utilizing fat impregnation provides that most accurate information sing the constructions of the articulatio genus articulation. However, some consideration is necessary in respects to the add-on of T2 fat-saturated wreath and sagittal sequences may be necessary so as to visualise pathology such as recurrent cryings, perchance replacing the demand for a T1-weighted sagittal sequence. A possible alteration of protocol may include FSE T2-weighted images with fat impregnation in all three planes. A conventional PD-weighted sequence with fat impregnation in the sagittal plane should be included, therefore supplying high truth of the semilunar cartilage, ligaments and gristle ( Helms 2009 ) . STIR sequences may be used to replace gradient reverberation sequences if there is metal present, or if rating of the bone marrow is required. When make up one's minding whether or non to alter the sequences, one must take into consideration the clip alteration that will happen, particularly in respects to imaging the injured patient. At present, MRI of the articulatio genus requires about 30 proceedingss with our current protocol consisting of 6 sequences. The alteration in protocol uses 4 sequences, therefore perchance cut downing the scanning clip. However, using fat impregnation with a sequence tends to increase scanning clip. The add-on of another sequence that requires fat impregnation, or the STIR sequence, could well increase the sum of clip required for a knee scan. It is still a argument as to whether these excess sequences are necessary. Sequences such as the 3-dimensional spoilt gradient-echo and STIR sequences may go unneeded for the separate rating of gristle and bone marrow alterations, particularly in injured patients ( Davies & A ; Cassar-Pullicino 2002 ) .DecisionMRI is progressively going the aureate crit erion in measuring the articulatio genus articulation. It provides a more easy come-at-able, less invasive, and comparatively less dearly-won alternate to arthroscopy. It besides provides the injured patient a comparatively easy and comfy manner of obtaining all right elaborate imagination of their articulatio genus. Although most imaging centres have set standard protocols for MRI of the articulatio genus, these protocols may sometimes necessitate accommodation in order to outdo profit the patient. In order to make up one's mind which protocol is more suited, we must first take into consideration what consequence each sequence will hold on diagnostic truth, curative impact, and the degree of patient comfort.

Business Management Personal Statement Sample

I have interest in studying business management. I appreciate the programme content and structure because of its flexibility that I can specialize in certain concentration areas such as Accountancy and Finance. Also, the policy of student-oriented teaching is a distinguishing characteristic which can provide students like me more opportunities to enhance their presentation and writing skills. Most importantly, I can gain a thorough grounding in the essential skills of business analysis and decision making.First, I am a competent and industrious student. Academically, I attained a satisfactory grade point average which was 4. 0 in my college. Simultaneously, I acquired my first professional qualification of securities through self-study. As a result, my college recognized my outstanding academic results by giving me Scholarship. Also, I was on the director list in 2008. Besides, I strongly concern our community.During the summer of 2008, I participated voluntary teaching and provided community service to a distant area called He Yuan in Guangdong province. I also joined a local charity to provide community service such as organizing a trip for the minority in Hong Kong. Such experience has strengthened my problem-solving and interpersonal skills to tackle the challenges. Also, I have greatly advanced in my analytical skills through joining mentorship programme. For example, I learnt basic research skills from my mentor from CASH Financial Group.As mentioned above, I am now an all-rounded student who wants to advance knowledge not just to deal with business problems, but also to tackle other economic problems in society at large. For personal development, I always try my best to continue lifelong learning and contribute to society as a global citizen. I heartily believe that chances are always ready for well-prepared candidates. (284 Words) Remarks: Modified Version by [email  protected] com Copyrights reserved 2009

How to Write a Heart-Melting Graduation Speech

How to Write a Heart-Melting Graduation Speech College is almost left behind. Youve finished top in your class. You put in all the time to get those straight As and impress the pants off your teachers. Now you expect to leave school on a speech that has to be impressive for both faculty stuff and your fellow graduates. You need to write a speech that makes them laugh, cry, and think. It’s up to you to distill 4-6 years of heartbreaking sacrifice, agonizing defeat, and tons of embarrassing party stories into 10 minutes. In order to make your mark on your graduating class, you need to employ some of these vital speech-writing skills. Introduction (One Minute) You need to start your speech with something that gets their attention. While you might be tempted to go serious from the first instant, people respond to humor much better. Take advantage of your captive audience by hitting them with about a minute of solid college jokes. You can make good fun of your Dean, you can laugh about how much â€Å"research† you had to do to get your degree in Criminal Studies, or you can just tell about the time you woke up in the toilet. Do: Make sure you test out your potential jokes ahead of time to ensure that they land well. Don’t: Do not start your introduction with how much you don’t want to give a speech. Not only is it boring, but it instantly shows everyone that they shouldn’t listen to you. Your Story (3-4 Minutes) Here’s where you start to bring it down to a level. Now that you’ve got them laughing, you want to tell them a story. This needs to be a true story that has a lot of heart. Were you raised in the Foster Care system? Did you finish school despite being a paraplegic? This is what they really want to hear. They want to be inspired by the fact that you, like they, have overcome nearly insurmountable odds to come to this point in your life. Do: Explain both the trials and accomplishments over the last years of your life. If you don’t have anything (which is unlikely), choose a great historical figure, important professor, or your mom. Everyone loves their mom on graduation day. Don’t: Lie or make fun of anyone who has helped you. Remember, your audience wants to be uplifted and inspired. Make sure that even the darkest story always hints that there will be light at the end of the tunnel. Connect With Your Audience (3-4 Minutes) Once you have shared your story, it’s time to make this story about your audience. Just like you, they have been through hard things. Some of them are single parents, some of them have lost loved ones, some of them took decades to complete their degree. And, through it all, they’ve been dedicated to following their dreams. Congratulate them on their success and show them that your success is really just the success that you all share together. Do: Remember all the different people who you are representing. You are representing the poor, the lonely, the popular, the minorities, the gay, the straight. Honestly call out the fact that you are no better than they are, and that each one of you have accomplished something great. Don’t: Make fun of any individual or group that you represent. It’s your duty to represent the best in every one of the 50-50,000 people who are wearing caps and gowns. Respect their sacrifices and make your speech about them. Conclusion (1-2 Minutes) This is the end part, where you wrap everything together into one heart wrenching ball. Complete your speech by showing your audience who they could be and how each of the hard and wonderful moments of their life have led to this day. Express how their actions today will affect generations of children. Show them that they are the true heroes. Do: Look inside yourself and find the most true thing you know about who you are and who you can be. Then tell them that they have the same power, and that today is where their future begins. Don’t: Be afraid to cry. If you’re doing it right, you will realize how amazing it is that you have accomplished this goal – and so will they. They will look back on this speech and thank you for giving them a singular moment of inspiration on this momentous day. Is your graduation speech ready but you are scared to death to deliver it? Find out how to memorize your speech and   how to overcome the stage fright to stay calm on this important day! Cant write it by yourself, keep in mind that our experts are ready to write your speech for you.

The 19th Century Bone Wars

The 19th Century Bone Wars When most people think of the Wild West, they picture Buffalo Bill, Jesse James, and caravans of settlers in covered wagons. But for paleontologists, the American west in the late 19th century conjures up one image above all: the enduring rivalry between two of this countrys greatest fossil hunters, Othniel C. Marsh and Edward Drinker Cope. The Bone Wars, as their feud became known, stretched from the 1870s well into the 1890s, and resulted in hundreds of new dinosaur findsnot to mention reams of bribery, trickery, and outright theft, as well get to later. (Knowing a good subject when it sees one, HBO recently announced plans for a movie version of the Bone Wars starring James Gandolfini and Steve Carell; sadly, Gandolfinis sudden death has put the project in limbo.) In the beginning, Marsh and Cope were cordial, if somewhat wary, colleagues, having met in Germany in 1864 (at the time, western Europe, not the United States, was at the forefront of paleontology research). Part of the trouble stemmed from their different backgrounds: Cope was born into a wealthy Quaker family in Pennsylvania, while Marshs family in upstate New York was comparatively poor (albeit with a very rich uncle, who enters the story later). Its probable that, even then, Marsh considered Cope a bit of a dilettante, not really serious about paleontology, while Cope saw Marsh as too rough and uncouth to be a true scientist. The Fateful Elasmosaurus Most historians trace the start of the Bone Wars to 1868, when Cope reconstructed a strange fossil sent to him from Kansas by a military doctor. Naming the specimen Elasmosaurus, he placed its skull on the end of its short tail, rather than its long neck (to be fair to Cope, to that date no had ever seen an aquatic reptile with such out-of-whack proportions). When he discovered this error, Marsh (as the legend goes) humiliated Cope by pointing it out in public, at which point Cope tried to buy (and destroy) every copy of the scientific journal in which he had published his incorrect reconstruction. This makes for a good storyand the fracas over Elasmosaurus certainly contributed to the enmity between the two menbut the Bone Wars likely started on a more serious note. Cope had discovered the fossil site in New Jersey that yielded the fossil of Hadrosaurus, named by the two mens mentor, the famous paleontologist Joseph Leidy. When he saw how many bones had yet to be recovered from the site, Marsh paid the excavators to send any interesting finds to him, rather than to Cope. Cope soon found out about this gross violation of scientific decorum, and the Bone Wars began in earnest. Into the West What kicked the Bone Wars into high gear was the discovery, in the 1870s, of numerous dinosaur fossils in the American west (some of these finds were made accidentally, during excavation work for the Transcontinental Railroad). In 1877, Marsh received a letter from Colorado schoolteacher Arthur Lakes, describing the saurian bones he had found during a hiking expedition; Lakes sent sample fossils to both Marsh and (because he didn’t know if Marsh was interested) Cope. Characteristically, Marsh paid Lakes $100 to keep his discovery a secretand when he discovered that Cope had been notified, dispatched an agent west to secure his claim. Around the same time, Cope was tipped off to another fossil site in Colorado, which Marsh tried (unsuccessfully) to horn in on. By this time, it was common knowledge that Marsh and Cope were competing for the best dinosaur fossilswhich explains the subsequent intrigues centered on Como Bluff, Wyoming. Using pseudonyms, two workers for the Union Pacific Railroad alerted Marsh to their fossil finds, hinting (but not stating explicitly) that they might strike a deal with Cope if Marsh didnt offer generous terms. True to form, Marsh dispatched another agent, who made the necessary financial arrangementsand soon the Yale-based paleontologist was receiving boxcars of fossils, including the first specimens of Diplodocus, Allosaurus and Stegosaurus. Word about this exclusive arrangement soon spreadnot least because the Union Pacific employees leaked the scoop to a local newspaper, exaggerating the prices Marsh had paid for the fossils in order to bait the trap for the wealthier Cope. Soon, Cope sent his own agent westward, and when these negotiations proved unsuccessful (possibly because he wasnt willing to pony up enough money), he instructed his prospector to engage in a bit of fossil-rustling and steal bones from the Como Bluff site, right under Marshs nose. Soon afterward, fed up with Marshs erratic payments, one of the railroad men began working for Cope instead, turning Como Bluff into the epicenter of the Bone Wars. By this time, both Marsh and Cope had relocated westward, and over the next few years engaged in such hijinks as deliberately destroying uncollected fossils and fossil sites (so as to keep them out of each others hands), spying on each others excavations, bribing employees, and even stealing bones outright. According to one account, workers on the rival digs once took time out from their labors to pelt each other with stones! Next Page: The Bone Wars Get Personal Cope and Marsh, Bitter Enemies to the Last By the 1880’s, it was clear that Othniel C. Marsh was winning the Bone Wars. Thanks to the support of his wealthy uncle, George Peabody (who lent his name to the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History), Marsh could hire more employees and open more dig sites, while Edward Drinker Cope slowly but surely fell behind. It didnt help matters that other parties, including a team from Harvard University, now joined the dinosaur gold rush. Cope continued to publish numerous papers, but, like a political candidate taking the low road, Marsh made hay out of every tiny mistake he could find. Cope soon had his opportunity for revenge. In 1884, Congress began an investigation into the U.S. Geological Survey, which Marsh had been appointed the head of a few years before. Cope recruited a number of Marshs employees to testify against their boss (who wasnt the easiest person in the world to work for), but Marsh connived to keep their grievances out of the newspapers. Cope then upped the ante: drawing on a journal he had kept for two decades, in which he meticulously listed Marshs numerous felonies, misdemeanors and scientific errors, he supplied the information to a journalist for the New York Herald, which ran a sensational series about the Bone Wars. Marsh issued a rebuttal in the same newspaper, hurling similar accusations against Cope. In the end, this public airing of dirty laundry (and dirty fossils) didnt benefit either party. Marsh was asked to resign his lucrative position at the Geological Survey, and Cope, after a brief interval of success (he was appointed head of the National Association for the Advancement of Science), was beset by poor health and had to sell off portions of his hard-won fossil collection. By the time Cope died in 1897, both men had squandered their considerable fortunes. Characteristically, though, Cope prolonged the Bone Wars even from his grave. One of his last requests was that scientists dissect his head after his death to determine the size of his brain, which he was certain would be bigger than Marshs. Wisely, perhaps, Marsh declined the challenge, and to this day, Copes unexamined head rests in storage at the University of Pennsylvania. The Bone Wars: Let History Judge As tawdry, undignified, and out-and-out ridiculous as the Bone Wars occasionally were, they had a profound effect on American paleontology. In the same way competition is good for commerce, it can also be good for science: so eager were Othniel C. Marsh and Edward Drinker Cope to one-up each other that they discovered many more dinosaurs than if theyd merely engaged in a friendly rivalry. The final tally was truly impressive: Marsh discovered 80 new dinosaur genera and species, while Cope named a more-than-respectable 56. The fossils discovered by Marsh and Cope also helped to feed the American publics increasing hunger for new dinosaurs. Each major discovery was accompanied by a wave of publicity, as magazines and newspapers illustrated the latest amazing findsand the reconstructed skeletons slowly but surely made their way to major museums, where they still reside to the present day. You might say that popular interest in dinosaurs really began with the Bone Wars, though its arguable that it would have come about naturally, without all the bad feelings! The Bone Wars had a couple of negative consequences, as well. First, paleontologists in Europe were horrified by the crude behavior of their American counterparts, which left a lingering, bitter distrust that took decades to dissipate. And second, Cope and Marsh described and reassembled their dinosaur finds so quickly that they were occasionally careless. For example, a hundred years of confusion about Apatosaurus and Brontosaurus can be traced directly back to Marsh, who put a skull on the wrong bodythe same way Cope did with Elasmosaurus, the incident that started the Bone Wars in the first place!

Europe as an Optimal Currency Area Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Europe as an Optimal Currency Area - Essay Example The debate about Europe as optimum currency area as an important and heated point of discussion for the economic experts and analysts and there have been different standpoints presented by the experts to regard and disregard Europe as optimum currency area. The main elements identified within the definition of optimum currency area could effectively work to decide if any region could be regarded as optimum currency area or not. Likewise, Europe could also be evaluated as an optimum currency area by looking at some specific criteria like asymmetric shocks, degree of openness, international factor mobility, labour mobility, fiscal transfer, product diversification and trade and business cycles similarities etc. (Krugman and Obsrfeld, p98) The economy and labour market of Europe has been analysed by the experts from these perspective very frequently and most of the analysis and observations have concluded with the results that Europe could not be regarded as an optimum currency area bec ause it does not completely complies with the criteria set for the OCA. However, it is also a fact that most of the economic experts and analysts believe that Europe has great potential to become an OCA and in coming few years the situation would be evolved where Europe will head to appear as an OCA (McKinnon, p173). The experts arguing against the status of Europe as OCA put forward the evidences in support of their stance. It is found that free mobility of labour within the regions of Europe is not high. The labour mobility in Europe has been recorded one third of the mobility found in United States. It implies that Europe lag behind in proving itself as area of free labour mobility. Similarly it is also found that Europe is yet to establish system for extensive and automotive intra-European fiscal transfers and currently there are not enough fiscal transfers between the European countries that it could be regarded as OCA. The existence of common currency is also an important char acteristic of optimum currency area. It is imperative that the OCA should have one central bank to manage all the monitory policies in the region and the member countries use to follow the same policy as formulated and implemented by the central bank of the region. There should be single currency with fixed exchange rate system. The launch of Euro is often cited as an evidence to prove Europe as OCA however, it is also a fact that despite the use of common currency the European countries yet to have common monitory policies and they need more time to create common fiscal and monitory policies like that of an OCA (Tavlas, p211). The degree of commodities' market integration within the union members also determines the optimum currency area. In Europe, there are some countries like Britain where there is higher level of reliance upon the export of high technology commodities whereas there is also large proportion of owner occupiers in the country links with the variable interest rates (Tavlas, p211). It implies that the market integration does not take place in similar production strategies among the members of the union but there are differences in the exports and import patterns of the countries. This trend also evident that Europe is

Landscape Artists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Landscape Artists - Essay Example This pattern seems to mirror his conservative attitude towards nature: that introducing another life form may no longer be necessary, or even appear destructive, which probably explains why he rarely juxtaposes humans with trees. Inness, on the other hand, doesn’t seem to mind. His own definition of nature is broad enough to even include houses. In fact, in his â€Å"Albanersee, Italien,† he painted what seems to be a recreational area with humans strolling around who are, like him, enjoying nature’s splendor. He seems to suggest that animals, including humans, go hand in hand with nature towards a harmonious coexistence. We could tell from their works that both painters admire nature so much that they want it captured in their paintings in meticulous detail. Otherwise, they would not stay that long in the landscape and realism genre. Rousseau’s works, however, are mostly gloomy, evoking a sense of romantic melancholy to the beholder. Solitude, his favorite theme, is expressed by painting trees standing alone or unusually taller than the other accessory figures so that anyone staring at his canvass would immediately notice such isolation. Darkness usually dominates his works, depicting either sunset or cloudy skies, seemingly to warn danger looming ahead. But Inness is just the opposite, painting clear skies suggesting a fine weather, which also evokes feelings opposite to the kind Rousseau attempts to bring. Inness’s paintings are mostly bright and sunny, with animals and humans that seem to be enjoying nature’s hospitality. In this sense, his paintings look more inviting to the human eye, provoking viewers to look further into the minute details. But in fairness to Rousseau, his masterpieces are successful in bringing intense emotion to the viewers. I admire him for that, as it takes a grea t deal of creativity to express beauty while attempting to elicit a

Professional developement plan nursing career 5 yrs from now Essay

Professional developement plan nursing career 5 yrs from now - Essay Example I am also a person who likes to be hands on. I don’t like paperwork or deskwork because I get bored easily. I prefer to be very active and to have regular direct contact with the patients. This is why I have studied nursing, to have a challenging and very busy job. I would not be happy working in administration or a supervisor role which took me away from the patients and put me in front of a computer. I worked in a free standing surgical centre for the last ten years. I think this might be a barrier to my long term goals in terms of job opportunities because I have been out of hospital nursing. I am doing the BSN and will do a Masters to try to overcome this barrier but I am worried that being out of hospital nursing for ten years might create problems for me in the future as my main career aim is to work as a nurse practitioner in a clinic. I hope that my Masters will help me achieve this. The role of a baccalaureate prepared nurse is as a giver of care both directly and indirectly. The nurse therefore becomes a patient advocate and educator. This style of nursing allows me to develop my holistic philosophy. As a baccalaureate nurse I will also have the skills to coordinate and manage care. I will therefore have the ability to delegate to others and assess their work. I hope this will compensate for my lack of a formal education in management. I will work as part of a team and my preparation means that I can enter the work place at a supervisory level. I am also committed to lifelong learning which is why I intend to take a Masters qualification. A baccalaureate nurse will also have basic computer skills and the ability to apply patient care technologies such as monitors, data gathering devices and other technical equipment. Computers are very important in the future of nursing because they improve efficiency and reduce costs. This is the part of the course which I will struggle with the most as I have limited computer knowledge and